本研究之目的在於探討緬甸佤邦在2005年的鴉片禁令之後，佤邦當政者如何在其所控制之領土內進行治理，而當地農民的發展又是如何受到佤邦當政者的治理所影響。統治佤邦的民族武裝軍「佤邦聯合軍」為一極權政權，在緬甸民族衝突中扮演極重要之角色。
本研究探討之主要關注在於佤邦領導人在鴉片禁令後的治理決策思維，此禁令對佤邦當地農民的生計與發展皆造成極大影響，因此在探討佤邦的治理與發展關聯之際，了解佤邦的鴉片禁令更是格外重要。
此研究計畫的研究方法包括文獻分析、訪談以及參與觀察法，訪談的執行時間為2016年11月至12月，地點包括台灣、泰國、緬甸，訪談的方式為滾雪球抽樣，訪問形式為開放式提問法。目的在於了解平民對於在佤邦內治理與發展關聯之想法。
研究發現，「叛軍治理」作為分析框架，無法充分反映當地農民的困境；佤邦鴉片禁令對於當地農民的政治發展幾乎毫無助益；替代發展計畫增強了佤邦的軍事化；佤邦領導人與中國的友好關係可能使佤邦的現況惡化。

The purpose of this research project is to find out how the governance of Wa State, an authoritarian rebel organization which is heavily involved in drug trades and very influential in the politics of Myanmar, is practiced within its controlled territory and how it affects the development of local civilians after the 2005 Opium Ban.
The investigation focuses on the governance decision-making mindset of the Wa authorities on the ban on opium introduced in 2005. The ban on opium is a policy that has brought major impacts on the livelihood and development of local population in Wa State and thus an essential subject for investigating the interrelationship between governance and development in Wa State.
This project is partly conducted through interviews in Taiwan, Thailand and Myanmar from November to December 2016 using snowball sampling with open-ended questions to shine light on the link between governance and development as conceived by civilians.
The findings of this research include: rebel governance as an analytical framework is insufficient to address the grievances of local farmers; there is almost no political development brought by the Opium Ban in Wa State; alternative development projects strengthen militarization in Wa State; and the close relationship between Wa leaders and China may worsen the situation.

論文審定書 i
致謝 iii
Acknowledgement iv
中文摘要 v
Abstract iv
Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 5
1.2 Research Purpose 6
1.3 Research Questions 7
2. Literature Review 7
2.1 State, Governance and Development 7
2.2 Rebel Governance 20
2.3 Political Development and Theories 22
3 Methodology 25
4 Findings and Analysis 33
4.1 Conflicts and Drugs 34
4.2 Wa Before State-making 39
4.3 The Formation of the Wa State and Its Governance 42
4.4 The Ban on Opium, Alternative Development and Opium Farmers 51
5 Conclusion 60
6 References 64

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