Isaiah Berlin是二十世紀的重要政治思想家，他的自由概念與多元主義是後人最常討論的重要論點。然而，此兩者並不代表他思想的全部。筆者認為Berlin思想的中心乃是有一 個反普羅克汝斯特主義的精神存在，透過它批判了傳統西方思想中的三角板凳。而這主要是來自他的思想史觀察，進而批評了理性主義與科學主義的認識論理論框架。此外，Berlin的思想於此出發， 反對價值倫理上的一元論思想，並進一步地發展他的價值多元主義，然而，這並不意味他是個價值相對主義者。在政治思想上，Berlin則是反對任何宣稱有一個完美無衝突的政治世界的學說，而他的自由概念也由此孕育而生。Berlin並不願意建構一個有體系且邏輯嚴謹的政治理論，反而強調人類世界裡的不確定性，以及當下政治人物的政治判斷。據此，筆者欲從Berlin在方法論上的思想史及認識論的反普羅克汝斯特主義出發，探索他在價值倫理上的反一元論思想與在政治上的反烏托邦主義，Berlin即是從反普羅克汝斯特主義出發，告訴我們人類的多樣性與複雜性。

Isaiah Berlin is the important political thinker in 20th century, his concept of freedom and pluralism are the main arguments of the scholars in political theory. However, freedom and pluralism are just the part of Berlin's thinking. There is an anti-Procrusteanism through Berlin's history of ideas, which criticize the three-legged stool on western political thought tradition, and the limits of Rationalism and Scientism. Berlin's pluralism is from his anti-Procrusteanism, and against the monism on morals and values, but it does not mean that Berlin is an relativist. On political thought, Berlin objected any theories which claimed that there is a utopia without the conflicts, and this is the source of his concept of freedom. Berlin did not try to construct a complete and logical political theory, but the contingency and the political judgment in the real world. This dissertation is trying to tell us the human plurality and complexity from Berlin's anti-Procrusteanism.

緒論 懷疑的狐狸 1
第一節 前言 2
第二節　研究動機 3
第三節 文獻回顧 8
第四節　章節安排 11
第二章 思想史與哲學 15
第一節 前言 15
第二節 牛津哲學的影響 16
第三節 R. G. Collingwood的影響 20
第四節 思想史的進行 27
第五節　結語：反普羅克汝斯特主義的開端 34
第三章 反普羅克汝斯特的經驗主義 37
第一節 前言 37
第二節 人文科學與自然科學的不同 38
第三節 BERLIN對現象主義與驗證的反駁 41
第四節 BERLIN的哲學觀 46
第五節 結語：反普羅克汝斯特主義 54
第四章 反一元論的價值多元主義者 57
第一節 前言 57
第二節 一元論與價值多元主義 58
第三節 人性本質（1）：人類視域、道德核心與價值衝突 68
第四節 人性本質（2）：自由與決定論 76
第五節 結語：反一元論的價值多元主義 82
第五章 反烏托邦主義的自由主義者 85
第一節 前言 85
第二節 自由的兩種概念：消極與積極？ 85
第三節 自由主義與多元主義的矛盾？ 90
第四節 寬容的立場 91
第五節 政治務實主義與政治判斷 102
第六節 結語：反烏托邦主義的自由主義者 106
第六章 結論：一個反普羅克汝斯特主義的自由主義者 109
參考文獻 117

Isaiah Berlin著作
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其他
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