漢娜鄂蘭對當代政治思想最重大的成就，即是她將政治行動的概念化作為一個獨特的哲學探究。本文以「社會領域」為核心概念，旨在解釋現代社會如何限制我們的自由，並且強調「政治自由」是現代社會不可化約的一部分。
現代的政治哲學面臨新的情境，「社會領域」和政治之間有著張力，在近代的自由主義或者社會主義，皆把社會當作一個有自主秩序的有機體，政治領域轉變為一種治理的功能。更重要的是「自由」失去了其作為一種集體行動之狀態的條件，取而代之的是以思考的性質和意志的同意與否所界定和表達，構成現代社會的治理模式。
針對這一現象，那麼本文試圖要討論的是，置身於現代社會中，我們需要更好地理解在什麼方面：我們如何以及為什麼阻止了我們自己和他人的自由。

Arendt’s great contribution to contemporary political thought is her conceptualization of political action as a distinct category of philosophical enquiry. In this paper, the concept of "the social" is intended to explain how modern society limits our freedom and emphasizes that "political freedom" is an irreversible part of modern society.
Modern political philosophy is faced with new situation: There is tension between the "the social" and politics. For modern liberalism or socialism, society is regarded as an autonomous organism and political became a kind of governance function. What is more important is that "freedom" has lost its condition as a state of collective action, replaced by the definition and expression of the free from the political which constitutes the governance model of modern society.
In response to this phenomenon, then this article attempts to discuss is that in modern society, we need to better understand in so far as: how we prevent us and others from the freedom.

壹、緒論：現代政治的思考路徑 1
一、問題意識及其展開 4
二、文獻回顧 8
貳、懸而未決的時刻 14
一、勞動、工作與行動 17
二、「傳統的斷裂」與行動經驗的歸來 21
三、工匠人的挫敗與勞動動物的勝利 24
四、差異敘事與歷史事件 30
參、政治思辨的取向 40
一、詩意的政治思想 41
二、意義的闕如 46
三、共同感與眾聲喧嘩 51
四、公共領域的意義 57
肆、論政治的概念 64
一、終將消失的革命精神？ 66
二、社會對政治的錯位 72
三、孤立的社會人 80
四、自由與平等的政治人 88
伍、結論 99
陸、參考文獻 101

I. Hannah Arendt 的著作
A.英文部分
Arendt, H. 1968 Men in Dark Times,Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
──. 1972 Crises of the Republic, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
──. 1978 The Life of the Mind, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 1st edition.
──. 1989 Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy, University of Chicago Press.
──. 1998 The Human Condition, The University of Chicago Press; 2nd edition.
──. 2002 Karl Marx and the Tradition of Western Political Thought, Social Research, vol. 69, no.2, pp.273-319
──. 2003 The Portable Hannah Arendt, Penguin Classics; Reissue edition.
──. 2004 The origins of totalitarianism (1st ed). New York: Schocken Books.
──. 2005 Essays in Understanding, Schocken; First Edition edition.
──. 2005 The Promise of Politics, Schocken; 1st edition.
──. 2006 Between Past and Future, Penguin Classics; Revised edition.
B.中文部分
漢娜．鄂蘭原著，蔡佩君譯，1996，《共和危機》，台北市: 時報文化出版
──，鄧伯宸譯，2006，《黑暗時代群像》，台北縣：立緒文化
──，蘇友貞譯，2007，《心智生命》，台北縣：立緒文化
──，蔡佩君譯，2008，《責任與判斷》，台北：左岸
──，林驤華譯，2009，《極權主義的起源》，臺北: 左岸文化出版
──，王寅丽譯，2009，《人的境況》，上海：上海人民出版社
──，蔡佩君譯，2010，《政治的承諾》，台北縣：左岸文化
──，施奕如譯，2013，《平凡的邪惡》，台北：玉山社
II. 其他參考書目
A.英文部分
Baehr, P. 2004, Of Politics and Social Science ‘Totalitarianism’ in the Dialogue of David Riesman and Hannah Arendt,European Journal of Political Theory, vol. 3 no. 2,pp. 191-217
──. 2010, Hannah Arendt, Totalitarianism and the Social Sciences, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
──. 2013, ‘The Problem of “Unmasking” in “Ideology and Utopia”:Karl Mannheim, Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt’, Sociologica, vol. 1,pp. 1-32
Benhabib, Seyla. 2000, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
──.1988, ‘Judgment and the Moral Foundations of Politics in Arendt’s Thought’, Political Theory, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 29-51
──.2010, Politics in Dark Times.Ecounters with Hannah Arendt, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Biskowski L.J.1993, ‘Practical Foundations for Political Judgment: Arendt on Action and World’, The Journal of Politics, 55, pp 867-887
Cane, L. 2015, Hannah Arendt on the principles of political action, European Journal of Political Theory, Vol. 14(1), pp. 55-75
Canovan, M. 1974, The Political Thought of Hannah Arendt, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York.
──. 1992, Hannah Arendt: a reinterpretation of her political thought. Cambridge [England] ; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
──. 2000, ‘Arendt’s Theory of Totalitarianism: A Reassessment’ in The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt, ed. D. Villa, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 25-43
Finlay, C.J. 2009,’ Hannah Arendt’s Critique of Violence’, Thesis Eleven, vol. 97 no. 1 pp. 26-45
Fry, K. A. 2009, Arendt: a guide for the perplexed. London ; New York: Continuum.
Hill, Melvyn A. 1979, ‘The Fictions of Mankind and The stories of men’, in Hannah Arendt: the recovery of the public world, St. Martin's Press, pp. 275-300.
Horowitz, I.L. 2012, Hannah Arendt: Radical Conservative, Transaction Publishers, New Bruswick, NJ.
Hull, M. B. 2002. The hidden philosophy of Hannah Arendt. London ; New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
Kateb, G. 2010, ‘Existential Values in Hannah Arendt’s Treatment of Evil and Morality in Politics in Dark Times, ed. S. Benhabib, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 342-74
Klausen, J.C. 2010, Hannah Arendt’s Antiprimitivism, Political Theory, 38(3), pp.394-423
Kohn, Jerome. 2005, ‘Introduction’, in The Promise of Politics, Schocken; 1st edition.
Lukes, S. 2005, Power: A Radical View, 2ndedn, Palgrave, London.
Marcuse, H. 2005[1930], ‘On the Philosophical Foundations of the Concept of Labor in Economics’ in Heideggerian Marxism, pp. 122-50
Markell, P. 2011, ‘Arendt’s Work: On the Architecture of The Human Condition’, College Literature, vol. 10, pp. 15-44
Moyn,S. 2008, Hannah Arendt on the Secular,New German Critique, Volume 35, Number 3 105: 71-96
Muldoon, J. 2016, ‘Arendtian Principles’, Political Studies, pp. 1-15
Passerin d’Entrèves, M. 1994. The political philosophy of Hannah Arendt. London ; New York: Routledge.
Pitkin, H. 1998, The Attack of the Blob: Hannah Arendt’s Concept of the Social, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Swift, S. 2013, “Hannah Arendt, violence and vitality”, European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 16(3), pp. 357-376
Vázquez, R. 2006, Thinking the Event with Hannah Arendt, European Journal of Social Theory,vol. 9 no. 1 pp. 43-57
Villa, D. 1996, Politics, Philosophy, Terror: Essays on the Thought of Hannah Arendt, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Walsh, P. 2008, ‘Hannah Arendt, Sociology and Political Modernity’, Journal of Classical Sociology, vol. 8, pp. 344-66.
──. 2011, ‘The Human Condition as Social Ontology: Hannah Arendt on Society, Action, and Knowledge’, History of the Human Sciences, vol. 24, no.2, pp. 120-37
──. 2013, ‘Norbert Elias and Hannah Arendt on Philosophy, Sociology and Science’ in Norbert Elias and Social Theory, ed. F. Depelteau and T.S. Landini, Palgrave, London and New York, pp. 246-60
──. 2014, ‘Hannah Arendt on the Social’ in Hannah Arendt: Key Concepts, pp. 124-37
──. 2015, Arendt Contra Sociology: Theory, Society and its Science,Ashgate Pub.
Weisman, T. 2014, Hannah Arendt and Karl Marx: On Totalitarianism and the Tradition of Western Political Thought, Lexington Books.
Yaqoob, W. 2014, ‘The Archimedean point: Science and technology in the thought of Hannah Arendt, 1951-1963’, Journal of European Studies,vol. 44 no. 3 , pp. 199-224
Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth.2004, Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World, 2ndedn, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
──. 2009,Why Arendt Matters, Yale University Press.

B.中文部分（按筆畫排列）：
以薩．柏林（Berlin, Isaiah）原著，陳曉林譯，1987，《自由四論》，台北：聯經
卡爾．史密特（Schmitt, Carl）原著，姚朝森譯，2005，《政治性的概念》，台北：聯經
艾尼斯特‧葛爾納（Gellner, Ernest）原著，李金梅，黃俊龍譯，2001，《國族與國族主義》，台北：聯經
伊里亞斯（Elias, N.）原著，王佩莉，袁志英譯，2009，《文明的进程: 文明的社会起源和心理起源的研究》，上海:上海译文出版社。
哈伯瑪斯(Habermas, J.)原著，李黎，郭官义譯，1999，《作為「意識形態」的技術與科學》，上海：學林出版
亞蘭．杜漢（Touraine, A.）原著，黃楚雄譯，(2010)，《我們能否共同生活?：在平等又歧異中共處 》，苗栗：桂冠出版
查爾斯．泰勒（Taylor, Charles.）原著，程炼譯，2012，《本真性的倫理》，上海：三聯書店
珊妲．慕孚（Mouffe, Chantal）原著，孫善豪譯，2005，《回歸政治》，台北：聯經
蔡英文，2002，《政治實踐與公共空間》，台北：聯經
──，2015，《從王權、專制到民主》，台北：聯經
蕭高彥，2013，《西方共和主義思想史論》，台北：聯經
霍布斯邦（Hobsbawm, E. J.）原著，王章輝譯，2003，《革命的年代》，臺北市: 麥田出版 :城邦文化發行