布氏鯧鰺 (Trachinotus blochii), 也稱黃臘鰺, 是海水廣鹽性經濟魚種，在台灣, 養殖戶通常馴養於不同鹽度之中。然而環境鹽度之變化往往造成魚類滲透壓緊迫, 影響生長速率。為了尋求黃臘鰺適合且理想之馴養環境鹽度來減輕其滲透壓緊迫以利其生長, 是水產養殖上重要的課題。因此, 本研究選擇四組鹽度 (5, 10, 20及35‰) 來探討黃臘鰺幼魚之滲透壓調節，細胞防禦及能量代謝上之反應。在各實驗鹽度環境中馴養7天後，黃臘鰺之血漿滲透壓與鈉離子，氯離子含量, 及肌肉含水量, 在所有實驗鹽度組都表現穩定, 並沒有顯著變化。在滲透調節機制中, 鰓上NKA活性在不同鹽度組呈現U型之趨勢, 在10和20‰組活性較低。另一方面，在細胞防禦反應中肝臟之熱休克蛋白70a在低張鹽度(5‰)組的表現顯著高於其他三組; 肝臟之熱休克蛋白70b則呈現U型趨勢，在低張鹽度(5‰)組及高張鹽度(35‰)組的表現顯著高於10與20‰組; 而鰓上之熱休克蛋白70表現量在不同鹽度組則無顯著差異。在能量代謝方面, 各鹽度組的血糖濃度及耗氧量並無顯著差異; 鰓之肝糖含量在低張鹽度(5‰)組顯著低於其他組，而肝臟之肝糖含量在各組間則無顯著差異; 此外, 鰓與肝臟之肝醣磷解酶蛋白質表現以及血漿乳酸含量皆呈現U型趨勢, 在10和20‰組較低。上述結果顯示，在半淡鹹水(20‰)及等張環境(10‰)中, 黃臘鰺體內的滲透壓緊迫與能量消耗都較少, 推測為較有利於黃臘鰺幼魚生長之環境鹽度。

The marine euryhaline snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is an aquaculture species that is usually cultured in environments of various salinities in Taiwan. However, changes in environmental salinity would impose osmotic stress on fish. To seek a favorable salinity range for rearing snubnose pompano to mitigate salinity stress is essential for aquaculture practice. With this regard, four salinity groups (5, 10, 20 and 35‰) were used to examine the physiological responses in terms of osmoregulation, energy metabolism and cytoprotection of pompano. For 7-day exposure, pompano exhibited constant plasma osmolality, [Na+], [Cl-] and muscle water contents among all experimental salinity groups. In osmoregulation, the U-shape correlation was observed in branchial NKA (Na+/K+-ATPase) activities, with the lowest activities in the 10 and 20‰ groups. On the other hand, in cytoprotective response, protein expression of hepatic HSP70a (heat shock protein 70a) was significantly higher in the hypotonic salinity (5‰) than the isotonic and hypertonic groups. Meanwhile, higher protein expression of hepatic HSP70b was found in the hypotonic salinity (5‰) and hypertonic salinity (35‰) groups. Relative protein abundance of HSP70 in gills was not significantly different among various salinity groups. Furthermore, for glycogen metabolism, the plasma glucose level and oxygen consumption rate were similar in all salinity groups. Glycogen contents of gills were significantly lower in the hypotonic salinity (5‰). Glycogen contents of livers, however, were similar in all groups. The U-shape pattern of protein expression of GP (glycogen phosphorylase) in gills and livers as well as plasma lactate levels were observed among the four salinity groups, with the lower ones (the bottom of the U-shape) in the 10 and 20‰ groups. According to the above results, the pompano in the intermediate seawater (20‰) and isotonic salinity (10‰) is less energy consumption to cope with osmotic stress. Hence these two salinities would be suggested to be better environmental conditions for the growth performance of snubnose pompano.

論文審定書 i
謝辭 ii
Abstract vi
中文摘要 viii
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Euryhaline snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is an economic aquaculture species 1
1.2. Salinity effects on energy metabolism in teleosts 1
1.3. Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) plays an important role in osmoregulation 2
1.4. Response of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) for cytoprotection 3
1.5. Energy turnover between glycogen content and plasma glucose 4
1.6. The aims 4
2. Materials and methods 6
2.1. Experimental fish 6
2.2. Experimental design 6
2.3. Tissue sampling 7
2.4. Plasma analyses 8
2.5. Muscle water contents (MWC) 8
2.6. Preparation of liver total proteins, cytosolic and crude membrane fractions protein of gills 8
2.7. Antibodies 9
2.8. Immunoblotting 10
2.9. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity 11
2.10. Glycogen contents 12
2.11. Oxygen consumption rate (MO2) 13
2.12. Statistics 14
3. Results 15
3.1. Osmoregulatory responses: plasma osmolality, [Na+], [Cl-], muscle water contents and specific NKA activities in gills 15
3.2. Cytoprotective responses: protein abundance of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in gills and livers 15
3.3. Energy metabolic responses: protein abundance of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in gills and livers, glycogen contents in gills and livers, oxygen consumption rate (MO2), plasma glucose and lactate level 16
4. Discussion 18
4.1. Osmoregulatory responses 18
4.2. Cytoprotective responses 20
4.3. Energy metabolic responses 22
4.4. Application on aquaculture 25
5. Conclusion 27
6. References 28
7. Table 42
8. Figures 43
9. Appendix 57

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