隨著年齡多元文化，工作職場年齡差距越來越大引發的世代衝突逐漸威脅組織持續成功與永續發展。如何營造跨世代共事因而成為現今迫切需要探討的議題。近來，恆毅力被列為有效預測成功的指標，追求長期目標的熱情與毅力，是為了達成特定目標的強大動機。本篇研究認為建立恆毅力團隊能扭轉跨世代衝突，在文獻回顧中得出恆毅力文化能將員工的熱情與毅力轉換為工作績效，但建立恆毅力團隊的前提為目標校準，因為一群具有恆毅力員工組成的團隊，也可能因個別擁有不同的工作熱忱而產生目標衝突，然而，如何建立恆毅力尚未有定論，本篇採用質化多重個案研究探討建立恆毅力團隊及目標校準的影響因子，資料蒐集方法包括參與觀察、個案內部管理資料及半結構式訪談，訪談抽樣依立意分層抽樣原則。透過主題分析及跨個案比較推論相互支援、管理協調、責任感、溝通式領導與恆毅力團隊的關聯性，以及論證建立恆毅力團隊能有效減緩跨世代衝突。

As age diversity increases in the workplace, generational conflicts have become a threat to organizational success. There is an urgent need for management to focus on better managing and leading their age-diverse workforce. The issue of multigenerational management has received considerable attention. In recent years, grit, which is defined as the perseverance and passion for long-term goals, has been conceptualized as the predictor of organizational success. This study shows that cultivating gritty teams can minimize generational conflicts among age-diverse workforces. Previous research has established that creating a culture of grit can increase the grit of employees and turn their passion and perseverance into work performances on the premise of goal alignment. However, a group of gritty employees may pursue separate passions, which causes goal conflict. A qualitative, multiple-case study approach was used to identify what contributes to building gritty teams. Data was collected by participant observations, documentation, semi-structured interviews and the samples were selected by a purposive, stratified sampling procedure. Through thematic synthesis and cross-case analysis, it was discovered that mutual support, management coordination, sense of responsibility and communicative leadership facilitate the building of gritty teams.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
論文審定書 ................................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ ii
摘要 .......................................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................... 4
1.2 Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................... 6
1.3 Objectives of Study ......................................................................................... 7
1.4 Research Questions ...................................................................................... 13
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 14
1.6 Scope of the Study ........................................................................................ 15
1.7 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................... 16
1.7.1 Communicative Leadership ..................................................................... 17
1.7.2 Generational Conflict .............................................................................. 17
1.7.3 Grit .......................................................................................................... 18
1.7.4 Gritty Team ............................................................................................. 18
1.7.5 Management Coordination ....................................................................... 18
1.7.6 Multigenerational Organization ............................................................... 19
1.7.7 Mutual Support ........................................................................................ 19
1.7.8 Organizational Success ............................................................................ 20
1.8 Overview and Organization of the Study .................................................... 20
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................. 23
2.1 Multigenerational Organizations ................................................................. 24
2.1.1 Generational Work-value Differences ...................................................... 25
2.1.2 Generational Conflict in the Workplace ................................................... 29
2.1.3 Fill in the Generational Gap ..................................................................... 30
2.2 Grit as a Theoretically Relevant Predictor of Success and Achievement ... 32
2.2.1 Developing Grit through Environment ..................................................... 35
2.2.2 Emerge the Positive Outcomes of Individual Grit at the Organizational Level
......................................................................................................................... 37
2.2.3 Grit Bridge Generation Gap ..................................................................... 39
2.4 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................ 43
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY .............. 45
3.1 Methodology ................................................................................................. 45
3.2 Research Design ........................................................................................... 47
3.3 Sample .......................................................................................................... 51
3.4 Data Collection ............................................................................................. 56
3.5 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 63
3.6 Data Presentation ......................................................................................... 64
3.7 Credibility of Research Results .................................................................... 69
3.8 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................ 71
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDING ............................................................................... 72
4.1 Mutual Support and Management Coordination Affect the Effect of Goal
Alignment ........................................................................................................... 72
4.1.1 Mutual Support Makes Employees Achieve Common Goals Effectively via
Task Assistance, Social Support and Feedback ................................................. 77
4.1.2 Management Coordination via Direct Contact, Task Adjustment, Conflict
Resolution Motivate Employees to Commit to Common Goals ........................ 86
4.1.3 Shortage of Mutual Support and Management Coordination Fail to Achieve
Goal Alignment ................................................................................................ 96
4.1.4 The Condition of Goal Alignment can be Changed by Leadership Style . 102
4.2 Fostering Grit in Teams Can Enhance Teamwork in the Workplace ....... 107
4.3 Communicative Leadership is More Likely to Build Gritty Team ........... 113
4.4 Generational Conflict in Gritty Team is Unapparent ............................... 119
4.5 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................... 123
CHAPTER FIVE: RECOMMENDATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND
CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 124
5.1 Recommendations ...................................................................................... 126
5.2 Limitations .................................................................................................. 129
5.3 Conclusions ................................................................................................. 130
REFERENCE....................................................................................................... 133
APPENDIX .......................................................................................................... 146
Interview Transcript ........................................................................................ 146

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