結構和行動者的關係是社會學理論中的核心問題。休厄爾的《歷史的邏輯：社會理論與社會轉型》一書提出以事件性時間性為核心的解決方案，是當代的重要代表。本文發展的“新休厄爾式的歷史邏輯”，致力于批判與推進休厄爾的理論貢獻，包括以下五章：

第1章總結和重新概念化休厄爾關於結構及其轉型的理論。該理論既繼承吉登斯的結構二重性的思路，又將結構定義為實踐的不均衡銜接網絡。在結構中，由權力模式銜接著文化圖式與物質資源。結構轉型是這個網絡的時間化，包括從斷裂到再銜接過程。

第2章整理和類型化休厄爾的事件性時間性理論（結構版本）。在將事件定義為結構轉型的基礎上，定義該時間性包括合并型和水平型。二者共享歷時的因果異質性和因果依賴性，但后者比前者多考慮分層的因果性。

第3章釐清休厄爾的行動者理論是以結構理論為參考系的“待定的行動者”，是以圖式和資源為媒介的生命過程所形成的相互依賴成員，其能動性是基于諸種結構重疊所導致的局勢變換。

第4章指出休厄爾缺乏獨立的“自我反思行動者”理論及其事件性時間性理論。本文引入喬治·米德的辯證自我理論（主我和客我的內在對話）及其關係性現在主義理論（期望與回憶通過事件化現在聯接起來），并解讀休厄爾的范例。

第5章從事後解釋的角度，基於本碩論寫作過程的自我反思，分析以上的釐清、引介與整合的后設理論建構，由剩餘的闡釋和概念的實用主義這兩項認識論辩护為基礎。為了評估“新休厄爾式的歷史邏輯”，本碩論一方面提供建構過程的認識論說明，另一方面提供“新休厄爾式”替代性方案：由卡斯托里亞蒂斯的社會想像理論結合休厄爾理論的版本，並分析該方案相較米德和休厄爾結合的方案在語義位置和範例解釋上相對薄弱。

因此，以上五章，是存在論與認識論的雙重論證，說明本碩論延續了“歷史的邏輯”中關於結構/行動者關係的存在論議題，也為“新休厄爾式”中的“休厄爾式”和“新”之間關係提出了認識論辩护。

The question of structures and their relation to actors remains one of the central problems of sociological theory. One of the most promising attempts to provide a solution has been William Sewell Jr.’s eventful temporality in Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. The current dissertation develops his theoretical contribution as a neo-Sewellian logic of history by summarizing and critiquing his ideas, and invoking other theories.

The first chapter focuses on Sewell’s theory of structures and their transformations, inheriting Anthony Giddens’s notion of the duality of structures which defines structures as unevenly articulated networks of practices. In relation to their elements, structures involve cultural schemas and material resources articulated by modes of power. In relation to the transformation of structures, a temporized network changes from a rupture to a rearticulation.

The second chapter discusses the typology of Sewell’s structure-based version of eventful temporalities. Conceptualizing events as structural transformations, his theory implies two types, the horizontal and the conflated, in which the two share temporally causal heterogeneity and dependence, but the former also involves the layered causality of schemas.

The third chapter regards the Sewellian conceptualization of actors as underdetermined because their definition is based on structural constraints. Actors are interdependent members whose life stories are media-laden processes via schemas and resources.
Accordingly, their agency is a conjunctural transposition based on overlapping and plural structures.

The fourth chapter criticizes Sewell’s theory for lacking independent and self-reflexive actors and their eventful temporality. It introduces George Herbert Mead’s notions of dialectic self as an internal conversation between the “I” and the “me”, and of relational presentism whereby anticipation and memory are linked in the eventful present. The significance of these theories for Sewell’s project can be understood by connecting Mead’s theory with the empirical exemplar of Sewell’s theory.

The fifth chapter offers two epistemic justifications for evaluating elaborations, critiques, modifications: the interpretation of residuals and conceptual pragmatism, and integration of the neo-Sewellian logic of history. It also provides an exposition of the epistemic procedure of metatheoretical building. Meanwhile, I discuss the necessity of an eliminated alternative, that is, a Castoriadis-Sewell alliance, by comparing it with the Mead-Sewell alliance.

Such ontological and epistemic arguments show the dual meaning of the neo-Sewellian logic of history, whereby “logic of history” means an ontological framework centered on structure/actor relations, while “neo-Sewellian” represents the epistemic justification focused on the relation between the “Sewellian” and the “neo.”

Introduction 1
1. Why Temporalities of Structure/Agency Relations Matters 1
2. From Structure/Agency Relations to Structure/Actor Relations 3
3. Why William Sewell Jr. ’s Eventful Temporality Matters 8
4. Sewell’s Project Unfinished 11
5. For a Metatheoretical Growth: Order of the Argument 15
Chapter One
Structure : Definition and Transformation 18
1. A Definition of Structures: From the Giddensian Duality to the Post-Giddensian Network 18
2. Transformations of Structures: Identifications and Processes 23
3. Conclusion 30
Chapter Two
Eventful Temporality: a Structure-based Version 32
1. The Poverty of Sewell’s Theory? 32
2. The Conflated and the Horizontal 33
3. Conclusion 41
Chapter Three
Actor: Definition and Agency 43
1. The Sewellian Actor: Two Approaches 43
2. Sewellian Agency: Conjunctural Transposition 50
3. Conclusion 55
Chapter Four
Eventful Temporality: An Actor-based Version 57
1. Sewell’s Asymmetry 57
2. Mead’s Self-reflexive Actor and Its Eventful Temporality 61
3. Rereading Sewell’s “Inventing Revolution at the Bastille” 69
4. Conclusion 75
Chapter Five
Concluding Remark: An Epistemic Confession on Neo-Sewellian Theory Building 77
1. The Ontological Argument of The Neo-Sewellian Logic of History 79
2. My Confession: Towards A Rationalization of The Contingent Argument 85
3. An Ad-hoc Epistemic Justification of neo-Sewellian Theory 88
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