Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0629119-094309 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0629119-094309
論文名稱
Title
工作生活不平衡對人生規劃的衝擊之在台質性研究
Work-Life Imbalance and Life-Plan Decision Making – A Qualitative Study in Taiwan
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
85
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2019-07-15
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2019-07-29
關鍵字
Keywords
過長工時、組織支持、生涯規劃、臺灣、低生育率、職家生活不平衡
Work Life Imbalance, Intolerant, Life Plan Decision, Organization Support, Taiwan, Long Working Hours
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5708 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5708 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
21世紀初始,臺灣的出生率和結婚率開始嚴重得下滑,帶動人口高齡化,這將帶來勞動力短缺的問題,此議題引起了臺灣政府與人民的關注。由於近幾年雙薪家庭的興起與女性參與勞動力的數量逐漸地增長,想要徹底的解決此問題,須先瞭解問題的根本。
過去多數的研究文獻都著重在職家生活的不平衡如何影響個人的身心健康、工作滿意度、員工流動率等等。然而,卻少有文獻探討職家生活的不平衡如何影響個人的生涯規劃,如結婚、生孩子等。因此,爲了彌補此一缺口,本研究採用質性研究的方式,探討職家生活不平衡是否會影響個人的未來生涯規劃抉擇。在此研究中,作者邀請了10位來自不同職位、行業、婚姻狀況、年齡介於28至36嵗的自願參加者來進行深度的訪談。
這份研究發現:影響個人生涯規劃的因素和組織企業可以為員工提供的協助。大部分的受訪者强調影響他們決定生育的主因為工時過長和公司不體恤育兒的困境。臺灣過高的托嬰費用造成雙薪父母經濟上的負擔。因此,在這問題上,公司可以給予相關的幫助,如在公司内建立個托兒所、提倡工作流動性等。
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Millennium, Taiwan’s birth-rate and marriage rate have drastically declined, and there has been a huge increase in the average aged of the population. This issue has caught the attention of the government and the people of the country as there will be a labour shortage in the foreseeable future. However, to effectively resolve this matter, a deeper understanding of these factors is necessary, especially as the number of dual income parents and women labourers has been increasing in recent years.
Lots of previous researchers have studied about how work-life imbalance affects one’s health condition, job satisfaction, turnover rate etc. However, there aren’t any researchers that have looked at the relationship between work-life imbalance and one’s decision on moving forward to the next chapter of their life such as marriage or giving birth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fill in the gap of exploring the relationship between work-life imbalance and one’s life decisions in Taiwan by conducting qualitative research. This study is being conducted with 10 participants, whom have different occupations and industry backgrounds, marital statuses, and are aged between 28 to 36 by using in-depth interview.
The findings of this study provide insight on the root challenges that affect one’s decision making process for long term life goals and suggest solutions that organizations can provide to help their employees. The majority of the participants have highlighted the long working hours and intolerant from the management in the organization are the main issue which need to be addressed as most of their time has been devoted to work and high nursery cost in Taiwan has been a financial burden to dual income parents. There are few ways which organizations could give their support as a solution such as providing a nursery centre in the organization, understanding, work mobility etc.
目次 Table of Contents
Thesis Validation Letter i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
List of Figure viii
List of Tables viii
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Literature Review 4
2.1 Taiwan 4
2.2 Work – Life Imbalance 5
2.2.1 Negative and Positive Spillover 6
2.2.2 Causes and Impact of Work-Life Imbalance 7
2.3 Cultural Context 11
2.4 Summary 13
3.0 Methodology 15
3.1 Introduction 15
3.2 Rational for the Methodology 15
3.2.1 Philosophical Assumptions 15
3.2.2 Paradigms or Worldviews 17
3.2.3 Research Approach Used 18
3.3 Research Design and Data Collection 19
3.3.1 Choice of Method 19
3.3.2 Sampling 20
3.4 Conducting the Interviews 23
3.5 Pilot Interview 23
3.6 Data Analysis 24
3.7 Validity, Reliability and Ethics 25
3.7.1 Validity and Reliability 25
3.7.2 Ethics 26
3.7.3 Approach Implication 27
4.0 Finding and discussion 28
4.1 Introduction 28
4.2 Research Question 1 28
4.2.1 Factors from the work environment 28
4.2.2 Leaves 35
4.2.3 Long-term Orientation 38
4.2.4 Family Support 39
4.2.5 Finding Related to Research Question 40
4.3 Research Question 2 43
4.3.1 Type of organization support 43
4.3.2 Difficulty of making changes 45
4.3.3 Finding Related to Research Question 46
5.0 Conclusion 48
5.1 Practical Implication 49
5.2 Limitations 51
5.3 Suggestion for Future Research 52
References 54
Appendix 1 Interview Participant Information Form 58
Appendix 2 Informed Consent Form 60
Appendix 3 Interview Question 61
Appendix 4 Participant details 63
Appendix 5 Participant’s Interview Transcript 64
參考文獻 References
Ahmad, M. S., Fakhr, Z., & Ahmed, J. (2011). Working women work‐life conflict. Business Strategy Series, 12(6), 289 - 302. doi:10.1108/17515631111185923
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308.
Aziz, S., Walker, A. G., Wuensch, K. L., & Adkins, C. T. (2010). Workaholism and work–life imbalance: Does cultural origin influence the relationship? International Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 72 - 79. doi:10.1080/00207590902913442
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Burke, R. (2009). Workaholism and relationship quality: A spillover-crossover perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 23 - 33. doi:10.1037/a0013290
Bawden, D., Holtham, C., & Courtney, N. (1999). Perspectives on information overload. Aslib Proceedings, 51(8), 249 - 255. doi:10.1108/eum0000000006984
Beehr, T. A., & Mcgrath, J. E. (1992). Social support, occupational stress and anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 5(1), 7 - 19. doi:10.1080/10615809208250484
Beutell, N. J., & Greenhaus, J. H. (1980). Some sources and consequences of interrole conflict among married women. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Eastern Academy of Management, 17(2), 2 - 6.
Bruck, C. S., Allen, T. D., & Spector, P. E. (2002). The Relation between Work–Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction: A Finer-Grained Analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(3), 336 - 353. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1836
Burke, R. J., Weir, T., & Duwors, R. E. (1980). Work Demands on Administrators and Spouse Well-Being. Human Relations, 33(4), 253 - 278. doi:10.1177/001872678003300404
Chandra, V. (2012). Work–life balance: eastern and western perspectives. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(5), 1040 - 1056. doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.651339
Chang, K., & Lu, L. (2007). Characteristics of organizational culture, stressors and wellbeing. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(6), 549-568.
Chao, Y. T. (1990). Culture and Work Organization: The Chinese Case. International Journal of Psychology, 25(3), 583 - 592.
Cherryholmes, C. H. (1992). Notes on Pragmatism and Scientific Realism. Educational Researcher, 21(6), 13-17.
Cho, Y., Park, J., Ju, B., Han, S. J., Moon, H., Park, S., . . . Park, E. (2016). Women Leaders' Work-Life Imbalance in South Korean Companies : A Collaborative Qualitative Study. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(4), 461 - 487. doi:10.1002/hrdq.21262
Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Clark, M. A., Michal, J. S., Stevens, G. W., Howell, J. W., & Scruggs, R. S. (2013). Workaholism, Work Engagement and Work-Home Outcomes: Exploring the Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Emotions. Stress and Health, 30(4), 287 - 300. doi:10.1002/smi.2511
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Crouter, A. C. (1984). Spillover from Family to Work: The Neglected Side of the Work-Family Interface. Human Relations, 37(6), 425-441.
Dankert, C. E., Mann, F. C., & Northnup, H. R. (1979). Hours of work. Westport, CT.
Eagle, B. W., Miles, E. W., & Icenogle, M. L. (1997). Interrole Conflicts and the Permeability of Work and Family Domains: Are There Gender Differences? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(2), 168 - 1814. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.1569
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms Linking Work and Family: Clarifying the Relationship between Work and Family Constructs. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 178-199.
Fan, Y. (2000). A Classification of Chinese Culture. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 7(2), 3 -10.
Flowers, C. P., & Robinson, B. (2005). A Structural and Discriminant Analysis of the Work Addiction Risk Test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(3), 517. doi:10.1177/001316402128774941
Fong, Y. (1992). Women's life stress perceptions and coping: a feministic view. Taiwanese Journal of Sociology, 21, 160 - 198.
Frone, M. R. (2003). Work-family balance. Handbook of occupational health psychology., 143-162. doi:10.1037/10474-007
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and Testing an Integrative Model of the Work–Family Interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(2), 145-167.
Grzywacz, J. G., Almeida, D. M., & Mcdonald, D. A. (2002). Work-Family Spillover and Daily Reports of Work and Family Stress in the Adult Labor Force. Family Relations, 51(1), 28-36.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111-126.
Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (1988). Do inquiry paradigms imply inquiry methodologies? In D. M. Fetterman (Ed.), Qualitative approaches to evaluation in education: the silent scientific revolution (pp. 89 - 115). New York: Praeger.
Guba, E. G. (1990). The alternative paradigm dialog. In E. G. Guba (Ed.), The paradigm dialog (pp. 17-30). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(4), 560-568.
Higgins, C. A., Duxbury, L. E., & Irving, R. H. (1992). Work-family conflict in the dual-career family. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 51(1), 51-75.
Hsu, F. L. K. (1985). The self in cross-cultural perspective. In A. J. Marsella, D. V. G. A., & F. L. K. Hsu (Eds.), Culture and self: Asian and Western perspectives (pp. 24 - 55). New York: Tavistock Publications.
Hulst, M. V. D., & Geurts, S. (2001). Associations between overtime and psychological health in high and low reward jobs. Work & Stress, 15(3), 227-240.
Hwang, K.-K. (1998). Two Moralities: Reinterpreting the Findings of Empirical Research on Moral Reasoning in Taiwan. Asian Journal Of Social Psychology, 1(3), 211 - 238. doi:10.1111/1467-839x.00015
Jayanthi, B., & Vanniarajan, T. (2012). Work-life imbalance among executives: A gender focus. Global Management Review, 6(2), 24 - 35.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. In Organizational Stress. New York: Wiley.
Kee, T. S. (2008). Influences of Confucianism on Korean corporate culture. Asian Pacific, 36(1), 1 - 15.
Kemmis, S., & Wilkinson, M. (1998). Participatory action research and the study of practice. In B. Atweh, S. Kemmis, & P. Weeks (Eds.), Action research in practice: partnership for social justice in education (pp. 21-36). New York: Routledge.
Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Geurts, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Types of work-family interface: Well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47(2), 149-162.
Labor Standards. (2018). Retrieved from https://english.mol.gov.tw/homeinfo/6457/6558/6576/
Liao, G. (2018). MOI: Taiwan officially becomes an aged society with people over 65 years old breaking the 14% mark. Taiwan News. Retrieved from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3402395
Lu, L. (2011). Working hours and personal preference among Taiwanese employees. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 4(3), 244-256.
Lu, L., Cooper, C. L., Kao, S.-F., Chang, T.-T., Allen, T. D., Lapierre, L. M., . . . Spector, P. E. (2010). Cross-cultural differences on work-to-family conflict and role satisfaction: A Taiwanese-British comparison. Human Resource Management, 49(1), 67 - 85. doi:10.1002/hrm.20334
Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2004). Culture, self and ways to achieve SWB : A cross-culture analysis. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 5(1), 51 - 79.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S.-F., & Huang, M.-T. (2006). A cross‐cultural study of work/family demands, work/family conflict and wellbeing: the Taiwanese vs British. Career Development International, 11(1), 9 - 27. doi:10.1108/13620430610642354
Lu, L., & Lin, G. C. (2002). Work Values and Job Adjustment of Taiwanese workers. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 10(2), 70-76.
Macdonald, L. A. C. (2004). Tolleys managing e-mail and Internet use. London: Tolley.
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., Macqueen, K. M., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector's Field Guide North Carolina: Family Health International.
Major, V. S., Klein, K. J., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Work time, work interference with family, and psychological distress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 427 - 436. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.87.3.427
Martin, T. N., & Hafer, J. C. (1995). The Multiplicative Interaction Effects of Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment on the Turnover Intentions of Full- and Part-Time Employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 46(3), 310-331.
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Mullins, L. J. (2016). Management and organisational behaviour. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Munn, S. L. (2013). Unveiling the Work–Life System. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 15(4), 401 - 417. doi:10.1177/1523422313498567
n.a. (2013). Taiwan launches immigration forum to discuss foreign talent hunt. Retrieved from https://www.moi.gov.tw/english/english_news/news_detail.aspx?sn=6342&type_code=
n.a. (2015). Taiwan - Historical Data Graphs per Year. Retrieved from https://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=31&c=tw&l=en
National Culture. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & Mcmurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400 - 410. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
O'Neil, R., & Greenberger, E. (1994). Patterns of Commitment to Work and Parenting: Implications for Role Strain. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(1), 101-112.
OECD. (2019). Employment - Hours worked - OECD Data. Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/emp/hours-worked.
Offer, S. (2014). The Costs of Thinking About Work and Family: Mental Labor, Work-Family Spillover, and Gender Inequality Among Parents in Dual-Earner Families. Sociological Forum, 29(4), 916 - 936. doi:10.1111/socf.12126
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Newbury Park C.A.: Sage.
Peters, L. H., & Oconnor, E. J. (1980). Situational Constraints and Work Outcomes: The Influences of a Frequently Overlooked Construct. The Academy of Management Review, 5(3), 391 - 397.
Polonsky, M. J., & Waller, D. S. (2015). Designing and managing a research project: a business students guide (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pye, L. W., & Pye, M. W. (1991). China: an introduction. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Repetti, R. L. (1989). Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interaction: The roles of social withdrawal and spouse support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 651-659.
Research, N. C. f. t. P. o. H. S. o. B. a. B. (1979). The Belmont report: ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health.
Robinson, B. J. (1988). Who's doing the housework? American Demographics, 10, 24 - 28.
Rowley, C., & Paik, Y. (2009). The changing face of Korean women managers. In The changing face of Korean management (pp. 184 - 209). London: Routledge.
Ruppanner, L., & Huffman, M. L. (2013). Blurred Boundaries: Gender and Work–Family Interference in Cross-National Context. Work and Occupations, 41(2), 210 - 236. doi:10.1177/0730888413500679
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Rhenen, W. V. (2008). Workaholism, Burnout, and Work Engagement: Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well-being? Applied Psychology, 57(2), 173 - 203. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x
Scott, K. S., Moore, K. S., & Miceli, M. P. (1997). An Exploration of the Meaning and Consequences of Workaholism. Human Relations, 50(3), 287 - 314. doi:10.1177/001872679705000304
Shimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is Workaholism Good or Bad for Employee Well-being? The Distinctiveness of Workaholism and Work Engagement among Japanese Employees. Industrial Health, 47(5), 495 - 502. doi:10.2486/indhealth.47.495
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory, and Physical Symptoms Inventory. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4), 356 - 367. doi:10.1037//1076-8998.3.4.356
Steffy, B. D., & Jones, J. W. (1990). Differences between full-time and part-time employees in perceived role strain and work satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(4), 321-329.
Taiwan, N. S. R. O. C. (2018). Yearbook Of Earnings And Productivity Statistics Republic Of China, 2018. Retrieved from https://eng.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?mp=5&xItem=44267&ctNode=6235
Triandis, H. C. (2018). Individualism & collectivism: Routledge.
Tso, N. (2009, 7th Dec). Why Has Taiwan's Birthrate Dropped So Low? TIME. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1945937,00.html
Voydanoff, P. (1988). Work Role Characteristics, Family Structure Demands, and Work/Family Conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(3), 749 - 761. doi:10.2307/352644
Wallace, J. E. (1999). Work-to-nonwork conflict among married male and female lawyers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(6), 797 - 816. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199911)20:6<797::aid-job942>3.0.co;2-d
Waller, A. D., & Ragsdell, G. (2012). The impact of e‐mail on work‐life balance. Aslib Proceedings, 64(2), 154 - 177. doi:10.1108/00012531211215178
Whittaker, S., & Sidner, C. (1996). Email overload: exploring personal information management of email. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems common ground, 276 - 283. doi:10.1145/238386.238530
Wolcott, H. F. (1999). Ethnography: a way of seeing. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira.
Yang, N., Chen, C. C., Choi, J., & Zou, Y. (2000). Sources of Work‐Family Conflict: A Sino‐U.S. Comparison of the Effects of Work and Family Demands. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1), 113 - 123. doi:10.5465/1556390
23. doi:10.5465/1556390
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:開放下載的時間 available 2024-07-29
校外 Off-campus:開放下載的時間 available 2024-07-29

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 54.227.104.229
現在時間是 2024-03-28
論文校外開放下載的時間是 2024-07-29

Your IP address is 54.227.104.229
The current date is 2024-03-28
This thesis will be available to you on 2024-07-29.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 2024-07-29

QR Code