在過去，自動化的出現已經導致許多產業的勞動市場被破壞，並且有極大的潛力在未來更加劇地持續這樣的破壞行為。近來有證據顯示，正在進行的先進技術驅使了許多行業的自動化，未來可能會普及到更多其他產業。與自動化相關的技術，例如:人工智慧、先進機器人和物聯網等仍處於起步階段，每天都有新的發展。以全球來說，百度和谷歌等科技巨頭在2016年花費了200多億美元，其中90％以上用於研發（Bughin，2017）。但隨著科技發展和普及率的不斷提高，最重要的是，要考慮到全球規模般且顯著的勞動者突然被取代的現象。研究指出，高達47％的現職工作存在被自動化的風險。（Frey和Osborne，2013）。本文旨在以描述性研究方法來分析美國當前自動化威脅的重要性。它將以歷史脈絡來研究過去自動化所帶來的威脅，近期和未來的科技發展，以及任何對就業率的衝擊。還將探討可行的解決方案來處理自動化所帶來的威脅，包括公司策略以及政府教育補貼，安排替代工作和全民基本收入的可行性。

The advent of automation has caused the disruption of the labor markets of many industries in the past and has the potential to continue to do so in only a greater extent in the future. Recent evidence indicates that ongoing technological advances are driving automation in numerous industries and will likely expand to others in the future. Automation-related technologies such as artificial intelligence, advanced robotics, and the Internet of Things are still relatively in their infancy and new developments are being made each day. Globally, tech giants such as Baidu and Google spent over $20 billion USD in 2016, with over 90% being spent on research and development (Bughin, 2017). But along with the ever-increasing rate of technological development and adoption, it is important to consider the distinct possibility that an enormous displacement of workers can suddenly occur on a global scale. Studies have shown that up to 47 percent of current employment is at risk for being automated (Frey and Osborne, 2013). This paper aims to apply descriptive research methods to analyze the significance of the current threat of automation in the United States. It will investigate past threats posed by automation taken in a historical context, recent and future developments in technology, and also any impacts on employment rates. Possible solutions for dealing with the threat of automation will also be reviewed, including corporate strategy as well as an examination of the feasibility of government education subsidies, alternative work arrangements, and universal basic income.

Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
摘要 v
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Gap 1
1.2 Importance of the Problem 1
2. Literature Review 3
2.1 The Concepts of Work, Technology, and Technological Unemployment 3
2.2 The Impact of Automation through History 5
2.3 Modern Developments in AI and Machine Learning 9
2.4 Basic Income, Government Subsidies, and Employment Programs 14
3. Theoretical Framework 18
3.1 Research Background 18
3.2 Methods of Research 18
4. Statistical Analysis and Industry Sentiment 20
4.1 United States Historical Patent Analysis 20
4.3 Industry Employment Data 23
4.5 Interview of Industry Employees 29
5. Summary of Findings 32
5.1 Results Summary 32
6. Discussion and Conclusion 34
6.1 Implications and Suggestions 34
6.2 Limitations and Areas for Future Research 36
References 38
Appendix 50

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