因環保意識提升、科技的進步，促使電動車的發展日趨成熟，汽車產業樣貌已不是大眾原本所熟習的傳統汽車長相，從傳統車的整合封閉結構模式走向電動車的開放模組化。
本研究分為五個章節建構在藤本隆宏的產品結構模型基礎下，分析Toyota和Tesla的產品結構模型，並探討電池、自動駕駛技術在未來汽車產品結構裡扮演的角色，並以Waymo、Cruise等案例分析如何以合作、收購、投資等方式達成開放創新模式。研究目的為電動車結構是否會一直保持開放模式並分析過去和未來的汽車產業長相。研究目標為傳統車製造產業、電動車，以及開放創新模式下的電池和自動駕駛技術，未來的汽車產品結構長相。研究結果為未來電動車結構會因演算法機密性和安全性問題，轉向為封閉模式。

With the trend of environmental awareness and technical development, the whole picture of auto industry is not as look of conventional autos as people think. Now, the roadmap of global auto industry turns into open innovation module mode of electric vehicles from integral close structure of conventional autos.
This paper which is divided into five chapters collects information of two auto companies and investigates them by Fujimoto Analysis Framework (Fujimoto, 2007). Besides, the paper analyzes the role of battery and autonomous on the product structure for electric vehicle and how to reach open innovation mode with investing, cooperating and acquiring such as cases of Waymo and Cruise. The purpose of this paper is to find whether the product structure of electric vehicle will keep open or not and examines the past and future roadmap and product structure of the auto industry. Research targets are conventional auto firms, electric vehicle firms, and autonomous driving firms and open innovation mode including battery and autonomous driving. The result of the research is that the structure of future electric vehicles will not always keep open due to confidentiality of algorithm and safety issue. It would turn into close structure.

Thesis/Dissertation Validation Letter…………………………………………………….i
Abstract (Chinese)…………………………………………….…………………………ii
Abstract (English)…………………………………………….………………………...iii
Table of Contents……………..………………………………………………………....iv
Figure of Contents……………………………………………………………………....vi
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………..........viii
Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………...1
1.1 Background and Motivation…………………………………………………………1
1.2 Purposes and Problems………………………………………………………………2
1.3 Research Targets……………………………………………………………………..3
1.4 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………3
Chapter 2 Literature Review……………………………………………………………..5
2.1 Development and Status of Electrical Vehicle Techniques………………………….5
2.2 Modulization and Openness-Comparison between Conventional Autos and Electric Vehicles…………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.3 Open Innovation Mode………………………………………………………...…….7
Chapter 3 The Evolution of Auto Product Architecture and Industry Structure………...8
3.1 The Fujimoto Analysis Framework………………………………………………….8
3.1.1 Japan case -Toyota…………………………………………………………………9
3.1.2 USA case – Tesla ………………………………………………………….......... 10
3.1.3 Summary of Case Studies………………………………………………………...12
3.2.1 From Closed to Open Modularized Product Owing to Technological Changes…13
3.2.2 The Role of Open Innovation owing to Technological Changes …………….......13
3.2.3 The Future -Close…………………………………………………………….......20
Chapter 4 Core Competences…………………………………………………………..21
4.1 Battery……………………………………………………………………………...21
4.1.1 Lithium Battery and Hydrogen Fuel Cell………………………………………...23
4.1.2 Battery Manufacturing Skills……………………………………………………..25
4.1.3 Charging and Hydrogen Refuelling Stations…………………………..…………26
4.2 Autonomous Driving……………………………………………………………….29
4.2.1 Regulation and Law………………………………………………………………34
4.2.2 Algorithm…………………………………………………………………………40
4.2.3 Sensor Safety Issue……………………………………………………………….41
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestions……………………………...............................42
5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….42
5.2 Suggestions…………………………………………………………………………44
Reference……………………………………………………………………………….46

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