快閃店是一種新興的品牌行銷管道，因應快閃店在世界各地的崛起，其獨樹一幟的特色以及其為品牌所帶來的優勢日益受到關注。鑒於快閃店在學術上尚有發展的空間，本研究將快閃店的品牌體驗著重在感官體驗上，以SOR理論作為基礎、愉悅情緒以及由刻板印象內容模型發展出來的品牌知覺(知覺溫暖/知覺能力)作為中介變數，探討快閃店的感官體驗分別與顧客滿意度、品牌信念兩者間的影響關係。本研究也加入個人前往快閃店的動機(享樂動機/功利動機)、品牌熟悉度和造訪頻率作為干擾變數，藉以拓寬消費者行為在快閃店背景下的研究範圍。
本研究透過便利抽樣共收集了392份樣本數，採用SmartPLS 3.0分析快閃店的感官體驗在含味覺體驗與不含味覺體驗兩種情境下的效果。研究結果發現，感官體驗的效果會因為快閃店所提供的感官體驗組合不同而有所差異。在不含味覺體驗的情境下，視覺、聽覺、嗅覺與觸覺體驗皆在SOR理論的架構下發揮情緒上與品牌知覺上的作用，進而正向地影響顧客滿意度與品牌信念。同時，個人前往快閃店的動機能夠強化觸覺體驗對於品牌知覺的效果。高享樂動機的消費者，其在快閃店中的觸覺體驗能正向地加強品牌的知覺溫暖與知覺能力。品牌熟悉度也正向調節了視覺體驗對於愉悅情緒的關係，高品牌熟悉度的消費者較能透過快閃店中的視覺體驗增強愉悅情緒的感受；另一方面，在含味覺體驗的情境下，僅有視覺與味覺體驗發揮情緒上與品牌知覺上的作用，聽覺體驗僅在情緒上有顯著效果，而嗅覺與觸覺體驗則是在情緒上或品牌知覺上皆無顯著的影響。個人前往快閃店的動機與品牌熟悉度在含味覺的情境下，皆無法顯著地調節感官體驗對於正向情緒與品牌知覺的作用。最後，在含味覺體驗與不含味覺體驗的兩種情境下，感官體驗在造訪頻率的干擾下，皆無法強化或減弱其對於愉悅情緒與品牌知覺的效果。

The pop-up store is a new emerging channel of brand marketing. With the rise of the pop-up store around the world, its unique features and benefits that can bring to brands are gaining attention. Given that research on pop-up stores still needs to be developed, this research especially focuses brand experience on the sensory dimension. By applying the SOR theory as the research framework, positive emotions and stereotypic brand perceptions as mediators, this research examines the relationship between sensory experiences and customer satisfaction, as well as between sensory experiences and brand belief in the context of pop-up stores. Individuals’ hedonic/utilitarian motivations toward pop-up stores, brand familiarity and visit frequency are adopted as moderators to broaden the research scope of consumer behaviors in pop-up stores as well.
Through convenience sampling, 392 samples were collected and analyzed by SmartPLS 3.0 across the two conditions (with vs. without taste experience). The findings show that the effects of sensory experiences differ according to the different combinations of sensory experiences provided by pop-up stores. When taste experience is not included, visual experience, auditory experience, olfactory experience and touch experience make both emotionally and perceptual impacts under the framework of the SOR theory and further positively influence customer satisfaction and brand belief. Meanwhile, individuals’ hedonic/utilitarian motivations toward pop-up stores strengthen the formation of stereotypic brand perceptions. Consumers with higher hedonic motivations strengthen the positive impact of touch experience on a brand’s perceived warmth and perceived competence. Brand familiarity also moderates the effect of visual experience on positive emotions. Consumers with higher brand familiarity are more likely to reinforce the positive impact of visual experience on evoking positive emotions. Conversely, when taste experience is included, only visual experience and taste experience make both emotional and perceptual impacts; auditory experience has a significant effect on positive emotions; olfactory experience and touch experience, however, result in no significant effects on positive emotions and stereotypic brand perceptions. Individuals’ hedonic/utilitarian motivations toward pop-up stores and brand familiarity do not significantly moderate the effects on positive emotions and stereotypic brand perceptions as well. Lastly, visit frequency does not strengthen or weaken the effect of sensory experiences on positive emotions and stereotypic brand perceptions across the two conditions.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Chapter 1 – Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Motivation and Purpose 6
1.3 Research Question 12
1.4 Research Chapters 13
Chapter 2 – Literature Review 14
2.1 Pop-up store 14
2.2 Stimulus-Organism-Response Model 18
2.2.1 Stimulus 19
2.2.2 Organism 19
2.2.3 Response 21
2.2.4 Emotional and Cognitive Positionings of the S-O-R theory 22
2.3 Sensory Experience 23
2.3.1 Visual Experience 23
2.3.2 Auditory Experience 29
2.3.3 Olfactory Experience 33
2.3.4 Touch Experience 37
2.3.5 Taste Experience 40
2.4 Emotions and Customer Satisfaction 43
2.5 Brand Stereotypes and Brand Belief 44
2.6 Customer’s Motivation toward Pop-up Stores 47
2.7 Brand Familiarity and Brand Stereotypes 50
Chapter 3 – Research Method 54
3.1 Research Model 54
3.2 Survey Design 56
3.3 Measurement 57
3.3.1 Brand Familiarity 57
3.3.2 Personal Motivation 58
3.3.3 Sensory Experiences 59
3.3.4 Emotion 62
3.3.5 Stereotypic Brand Perception 63
3.3.6 Brand Belief 64
3.3.7 Customer Satisfaction 65
3.4 Pre-test 65
3.5 Data Analysis 68
Chapter 4 – Results 70
4.1 The Minimum Sample Size 70
4.2 Demographic Statistics 72
4.3 The Analysis of Validity and Reliability 78
4.3.1 Validity 79
4.3.2 Discriminant Validity 79
4.3.3 Reliability 80
4.4 Hypotheses Testing – Four Sensory Experiences 90
4.4.1 Main Effects 90
4.4.2 Mediating Effects 94
4.4.3 Moderating Effects 103
4.4.4 Hypothesis Results 110
4.5 Hypotheses Testing – Five Sensory Experiences 112
4.5.1 Main Effects 113
4.5.2 Mediating Effect 117
4.5.3 Moderating Effect 127
4.5.4 Hypothesis Results 134
4.6 Supplemental Analysis 136
Chapter 5 – Conclusion 137
5.1 Research Findings 137
5.2 Contribution 150
5.2.1 Theoretical Implications 150
5.2.2 Managerial Implications 154
5.3 Limitations 157
5.4 Directions of Future Research 159
Reference 162
Appendix 177

Aaker, J. L., Garbinsky, E. N., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Cultivating admiration in brands: Warmth, competence, and landing in the “golden quadrant”. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), 191-194.
Ahssen, S. (2018, January 3). Big beauty brands make fragrance pop-ups a trend. Retrieved from https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Big-beauty-brands-make-fragrance-pop-ups-a-trend,909219.html#.XZO0lEYzZyx
Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987). Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(4), 411-454.
Alexander, B., & Bain, J. K. (2016). Small store design and marketing effects: Experiential developments in SME fashion pop-up store strategies. Multi-Channel Marketing, Branding and Retail Design, 163–192.
Alexander, B., Nobbs, K., & Varley, R. (2018). The growing permanence of pop-up outlets within the international location strategies of fashion retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 46(5), 487-506.
Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D. R. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability: Findings from Sweden. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 53-66.
Andersen, P. A. (1985). Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication. In A. W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds.), Multichannel Integrations of Nonverbal Behavior (pp. 1–36). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
Anselmsson, J. (2006). Sources of customer satisfaction with shopping malls: A comparative study of different customer segments. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 16(1), 115-138.
Anthes, E. (2010). It’s so loud, I can’t hear my budget. Psychology Today, 43(5), 40.
Baek, E., Choo, H. J., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Using warmth as the visual design of a store: Intimacy, relational needs, and approach intentions. Journal of Business Research, 88, 91-101.
Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. U. (1999). The role of emotions in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(2), 184-206.
Baker, J., Grewal, D., & Parasuraman, A. (1994). The influence of store environment on quality inferences and store image. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(4), 328-339.
Baker, J., Levy, M., & Grewal, D. (1992). An experimental approach to making retail store environmental decisions. Journal of Retailing, 68(4), 445-460.
Baker, J., Parasuraman, A., Grewal, D., & Voss, G. B. (2002). The influence of multiple store environment cues on perceived merchandise value and patronage intentions. Journal of Marketing, 66(2), 120-141.
Balaji, M., Roy, S. K., & Lassar, W. M. (2017). Language divergence in service encounters: Revisiting its influence on word-of-mouth. Journal of Business Research, 72, 210-213.
Baron, R. A. (1990). Environmentally induced positive affect: Its impact on self-efficacy, task performance, negotiation, and conflict. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20(5), 368-384.
Bayes, M. A. (1972). Behavioral cues of interpersonal warmth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39(2), 333–339.
Bell, S. (2006). Future sense: defining brands through scent. GDR Creative Intelligence, 21, 1-5.
Berlyne, D. E. (1971). Aesthetics and Psychobiology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Biswas, D., Lund, K., & Szocs, C. (2018). Sounds like a healthy retail atmospheric strategy: Effects of ambient music and background noise on food sales. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47(1), 37–55.
Bitner, M. J. (1990). Evaluating service encounters: The effects of physical surroundings and employee responses. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 69-82.
Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57-71.
Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16-29.
Bloch, P. H., Brunel, F. F., & Arnold, T. J. (2003). Individual differences in the centrality of visual product aesthetics: concept and measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(4), 551-565.
Bloch, P. H., Sherrell, D. L., & Ridgway, N. M. (1986). Consumer search: An extended framework. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(1), 119-126.
Bloomberg. (2019, September 27) Pop-up stores earn a permanent place in retail strategy. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-27/pop-up-stores-are-the-next-big-retail-strategy
Bone, P. F., & Jantrania, S. (1992). Olfaction as a cue for product quality. Marketing Letters, 3(3), 289–296.
Booms, B. H., & Bitner, M. J. (1982). Marketing services by managing the environment. Cornell Quarterly, 23(1), 35–39.
Bosmans, A. (2006). Scents and sensibility: When do (in)congruent ambient scents influence product evaluations? Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 32–43.
Bratanova, B., Kervyn, N., & Klein, O. (2015). Tasteful brands: products of brands perceived to be warm and competent taste subjectively better. Psychologica Belgica, 55(2), 57-70.
Burns, D. J., & Neisner, L. (2006). Customer satisfaction in a retail setting. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34(1), 49-66.
Butler, S., & Roesel, K. (1991). Students perceptions of male teachers: effects of teachers dress and students characteristics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73(3), 943-951.
Buxbaum, O. (2016). The SOR-Model Key Insights into Basic Mechanisms of Mental Activity. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Cardello, A. V., Meiselman, H. L., Schutz, H. G., Craig, C., Given, Z., Lesher, L. L., & Eicher, S. (2012). Measuring emotional responses to foods and food names using questionnaires. Food Quality and Preference, 24(2), 243–250.
Campbell, M. C., & Keller, K. L. (2003). Brand familiarity and advertising repetition effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 292-304.
Carpenter, J. M., Moore, M., & Fairhurst, A. E. (2005). Consumer shopping value for retail brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 43-53.
CBRE. (2019, July 2). Japan retail viewpoint pop-up stores blooming July 2019. Retrieved from https://www.cbre.com.tw/en/research-reports/Japan-Retail-ViewPoint-Pop-Up-Stores-Blooming-July-2019
Chang, H., Eckman, M., & Yan, R. (2011). Application of the Stimulus-Organism-Response model to the retail environment: The role of hedonic motivation in impulse buying behavior. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 21(3), 233-249.
Chapman, H. A., Kim, D. A., Susskind, J. M., & Anderson, A. K. (2009). In bad taste: evidence for the oral origins of moral disgust. Science, 323(5918), 1222-1226.
Chen, W., & Fiore, A. M. (2017). Factors affecting Taiwanese consumers’ responses toward pop-up retail. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 29(2), 370-392.
Chen, Y. (2017, November 10). Alibaba tests 60 futuristic pop-up stores across China for Singles Day. Retrieved from https://digiday.com/marketing/alibaba-tests-60-intelligent-pop-stores-first-time-around-singles-day/
Cheng, F., Wu, C., & Yen, D. C. (2009). The effect of online store atmosphere on consumers emotional responses – an experimental study of music and colour. Behaviour & Information Technology, 28(4), 323-334.
Cervonka, A. (1996). A sense of place: The role of odor in people’s attachment to place. The Aroma Chology Review, 5(1), 112-115.
Chattalas, M., & Takada, H. (2013). Warm versus competent countries: National stereotyping effects on expectations of hedonic versus utilitarian product properties. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 9(2), 88-97.
Crowley, A. E. (1993). The two-dimensional impact of color on shopping. Marketing Letters, 4(1), 59-69.
Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., Kwan, V. S. Y., Glick, P., Demoulin, S., Leyens, J.-P., … Ziegler, R. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(1), 1-33.
Davies, B. J., Kooijmanb, D., & Warda, P. (2003). The sweet smell of success: Olfaction in retailing. Journal of Marketing Management, 19(5), 611-627.
Desmet, P. M., & Schifferstein, H. N. (2008). Sources of positive and negative emotions in food experience. Appetite, 50(2-3), 290-301.
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285-290.
Donovan, Robert J., & John R. Rossiter (1982). Store atmosphere: An environmental psychology approach. Journal of Retailing, 58(1), 34-57.
Dubé, L., Chebat, J., & Morin, S. (1995). The effects of background music on consumers' desire to affiliate in buyer-seller interactions. Psychology and Marketing, 12(4), 305-319.
Dube-Rioux, L. (1990), “Power of affective reports in predicting satisfaction judgments,” in Goldberg, M., Gorn, G. and Pollay, R. (Eds), Advances in Consumer Research, 17, 571-576.
Eertmans, A. (2001). Food likes and their relative importance in human eating behavior: Review and preliminary suggestions for health promotion. Health Education Research, 16(4), 443-456.
Ehrlichman, H., & Halpern, J. N. (1988). Affect and memory: Effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors on retrieval of happy and unhappy memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(5), 769-779.
Eom, S. B., & Ashill, N. (2016). The determinants of students’ perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An update*. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 14(2), 185-215.
Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. A., & Davis, L. M. (2001). Atmospheric qualities of online retailing. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 177-184.
EventMarketer (2018). 2018 the event & experiential marketing industry forecast & best practices study. Retrieved from https://www.eventmarketer.com/reports/
Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111(2), 304-341.
Fenko, A., Schifferstein, H. N., & Hekkert, P. (2010). Looking hot or feeling hot: What determines the product experience of warmth? Materials & Design, 31(3), 1325-1331.
Fenner, D. E. (1996). The aesthetic attitude. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.
Ferrarini, R., Carbognin, C., Casarotti, E., Nicolis, E., Nencini, A., & Meneghini, A. (2010). The emotional response to wine consumption. Food Quality and Preference, 21(7), 720–725.
Fiegel, A., Meullenet, J.-F., Harrington, R. J., Humble, R., & Seo, H.-S. (2014). Background music genre can modulate flavor pleasantness and overall impression of food stimuli. Appetite, 76, 144-152.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Boston, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
Fisher, J. D., Rytting, M., & Heslin, R. (1976). Hands touching hands: Affective and evaluative effects of an interpersonal touch. Sociometry, 39(4), 416-421.
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83.
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,82(6), 878-902.
Fogg, B. J., Soohoo, C., Danielson, D. R., Marable, L., Stanford, J., & Tauber, E. R. (2003). How do users evaluate the credibility of web sites? Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Designing for User Experiences - DUX 03. New York: ACM.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fraedrich, J. P., & King, M. F. (1998). Marketing implications of nonmusical sounds. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(1), 127-139.
Gibson, J. J. (1966). The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Gleitman, H. (1997). Psychology. New York: Norton.
Gobe, M. (2010). Emotional Branding: The New Paradigm for Connecting Brands to People. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.
Grohmann, B., Spangenberg, E. R., & Sprott, D. E. (2007). The influence of tactile input on the evaluation of retail product offerings. Journal of Retailing, 83(2), 237-245.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Heijden, H. V. (2003). Factors influencing the usage of websites: The case of a generic portal in The Netherlands. Information & Management, 40(6), 541-549.
Helmefalk, M., & Hultén, B. (2017). Multi-sensory congruent cues in designing retail store atmosphere: Effects on shoppers’ emotions and purchase behavior. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38, 1–11.
Herédia-Colaço, V., Coelho do Vale, R., & Villas-Boas, S. B. (2017). Does fair trade breed contempt? A cross-country examination on the moderating role of brand familiarity and consumer expertise on product evaluation. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(3), 737-758.
Hertenstein, M. J. (2002). Touch: Its communicative functions in infancy. Human Development, 45(2), 70-94.
Herz, R. S. (1998). Are odors the best cues to memory? A cross-modal comparison of associative memory stimulia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 855, 670-674.
Heslin, R., & Alper, T. (1983). Touch: A bonding gesture. In J. Weimann & R. Harrison (Eds.), Sage 11th Annual Review of Communication Research: Nonverbal Interaction (pp. 47-75). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hesterberg, T. C. (2015). What teachers should know about the bootstrap: Resampling in the undergraduate statistics curriculum. The American Statistician, 69(4), 371-386.
Hevner, K. (1937). The affective value of pitch and tempo in music. The American Journal of Psychology, 49(4), 621-630.
Hemphill, M. (1996). A note on adults color–emotion associations. The Journal of Genetic Psychology,157(3), 275-280.
Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92-101.
Holbrook, M. B., & Anand, P. (1990). Effects of tempo and situational arousal on the listeners perceptual and affective responses to music. Psychology of Music, 18(2), 150-162.
Hsu, E. (2015, July 12). Promoting made-in-Taiwan with pop up stores. Retrieved from http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201507120015.aspx
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Hultén, B. (2017). Branding by the five senses: A sensory branding framework. Journal of Brand Strategy, 6(3), 281-292.
Hultén, B., Broweus, N., & Dijk, M. V. (2009). What is sensory marketing? Sensory Marketing, 1-23.
Jang, S. S., & Namkung, Y. (2009). Perceived quality, emotions, and behavioral intentions: Application of an extended Mehrabian–Russell model to restaurants. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 451-460.
Jansson-Boyd, C. V. (2011). Touch matters: Exploring the relationship between consumption and tactile interaction. Social Semiotics, 21(4), 531-546.
Jones, P., Comfort, D., & Hillier, D. (2017). A commentary on pop up shops in the UK. Property Management, 35(5), 545-553.
Jordan, P. W. (1998). Human factors for pleasure in product use. Applied Ergonomics, 29(1), 25-33.
Kang, D., & Lee, H. (2018, September 13). K beauty brand aesthetic hydration cosmetics launches pop up store to celebrate launch into Chinese market. Retrieved from https://www.globalcosmeticsnews.com/k-beauty-brand-aesthetic-hydration-cosmetics-launches-pop-up-store-to-celebrate-launch-into-chinese-market/
Kaya, N., & Epps, H. H. (2004). Relationship between color and emotion: A study of college students. College Student Journal, 38, 396-405.
Keller, K. L. (2003). Brand Synthesis: The multidimensionality of brand knowledge. Journal of Consumer Research,29(4), 595-600.
Kent, R. J., & Allen, C. T. (1994). Competitive interference effects in consumer memory for advertising: The role of brand familiarity. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 97-105.
Kervyn, N., Fiske, S. T., & Malone, C. (2012). Brands as intentional agents framework: How perceived intentions and ability can map brand perception. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), 166-176.
Kim, H., Fiore, A. M., Niehm, L. S., & Jeong, M. (2010). Psychographic characteristics affecting behavioral intentions towards pop‐up retail. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 38(2), 133-154.
Knasko, S. C., Gilbert, A. N., & Sabini, J. (1990). Emotional state, physical well-being, and performance in the presence of feigned ambient odor1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20(16), 1345-1357.
Knight, W. E., & Rickard, N. S. (2001). Relaxing music prevents stress-induced increases in subjective anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy males and females. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 254-272.
Kirillova, K., & Chan, J. (2018). “What is beautiful we book”: Hotel visual appeal and expected service quality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1788-1807.
Klein, J. F., Falk, T., Esch, F., & Gloukhovtsev, A. (2016). Linking pop-up brand stores to brand experience and word of mouth: The case of luxury retail. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5761-5767.
Ko, S. J., Judd, C. M., & Stapel, D. A. (2009). Stereotyping based on voice in the presence of individuating information: Vocal femininity affects perceived competence but not warmth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(2), 198-211.
Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332-351.
Kuo, F., Tseng, F., Lin, C. I., & Tang, W. (2013). Critical success factors for motivating and sustaining women's ICT learning. Computers & Education, 67, 208-218.
Labbe, D., Ferrage, A., Rytz, A., Pace, J., & Martin, N. (2015). Pleasantness, emotions and perceptions induced by coffee beverage experience depend on the consumption motivation (hedonic or utilitarian). Food Quality and Preference, 44, 56-61.
Lang, J. (1993). Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design. NewYork: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Lassus, C. D., & Freire, N. A. (2014). Access to the luxury brand myth in pop-up stores: A netnographic and semiotic analysis. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(1), 61-68.
Legg, A. M., & Wilson, J. H. (2013). Instructor touch enhanced college students’ evaluations. Social Psychology of Education, 16(2), 317-327.
Lemay, E. P., Clark, M. S., & Greenberg, A. (2010). What is beautiful is good because what is beautiful is desired: Physical attractiveness stereotyping as projection of interpersonal goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(3), 339-353.
Licata, J. W., Chakraborty, G., & Krishnan, B. C. (2008). The consumers expectation formation process over time. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(3), 176-187.
Lim, H. (2018). Generating branding buzz on social media for a pop-up store: Focused on brand experience. (Master's thesis, Iowa State University). Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16396/
Liljander, V., & Strandvik, T. (1997). Emotions in service satisfaction. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 8(2), 148-169.
Lin, M. H., Cross, S. N., & Childers, T. L. (2018). Understanding olfaction and emotions and the moderating role of individual differences. European Journal of Marketing, 52(3/4), 811-836.
Lin, Y. C., & Chen, M. H. (2014) Effect of website aesthetics on approach intention. Journal of e-Business, 16(1), 107-125.
Lindstrom, M. (2005). Brand sense: How to build powerful brands through touch, taste, smell, sight & sound. New York: Free Press.
Liu, P. (2018, May 1). Retailers switch to pop-up stores as Hong Kong rents keep climbing. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/property/hong-kong-china/article/2144141/pop-stores-increase-hong-kong-rents-retail-space-continue
Lowe, J., Maggioni, I., & Sands, S. (2018). Critical success factors of temporary retail activations: A multi-actor perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 40, 74-81.
Lukavsky, J., Butler, S., & Harden, A. J. (1995). Perceptions of an instructor: Dress and students characteristics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81(1), 231-240.
Lund, C. (2015). Selling through the senses: Sensory appeals in the fashion retail environment. Fashion Practice, 7(1), 9-30.
Maiwald, D., Ahuvia, A., Ivens, B. S., & Rauschnabel, P. A. (2013). The hijacking effect of ambient scent. Marketing Review St. Gallen, 30(2), 50-59.
Mahnke F. (1996). Color, Environment, Human Response. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Marciniak, R. and Budnarowska, C. (2009), “Marketing approaches to pop up stores: An exploration of social networking,” in 15th Conference of the European Association of Education and Research in Commercial Distribution (EAERCD), England: University of Surrey.
Marcoulides, & Saunders. (2006). Editor's comments: PLS: A silver bullet? MIS Quarterly, 30(2), iii-ix.
Martin, D., O'Neill, M., Hubbard, S., & Palmer, A. (2008). The role of emotion in explaining consumer satisfaction and future behavioural intention. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(3), 224-236.
Mattila, A., & Wirtz, J. (2000). The role of preconsumption affect in postpurchase evaluation of services. Psychology and Marketing, 17(7), 587-605.
Mccabe, D. B., & Nowlis, S. M. (2003). The effect of examining actual products or product descriptions on consumer preference. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(4), 431-439.
Mehrabian, A. (1968). Some referents and measures of nonverbal behavior. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1(6), 203-207.
Mehrabian, A. (1981). Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub.
Mehrabian, A. and Russell, J.A. (1974). An Approach to Environmental Psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Mehta, R., Sharma, N. K., & Swami, S. (2013). The impact of perceived crowding on consumers store patronage intentions: Role of optimal stimulation level and shopping motivation. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(7-8), 812-835.
Mimouni-Chaabane, A., & Volle, P. (2010). Perceived benefits of loyalty programs: Scale development and implications for relational strategies. Journal of Business Research, 63(1), 32-37
Mohan, G., Sivakumaran, B., & Sharma, P. (2013). Impact of store environment on impulse buying behavior. European Journal of Marketing, 47(10), 1711-1732.
Möller, J., & Herm, S. (2013). Shaping retail brand personality perceptions by bodily experiences. Journal of Retailing, 89(4), 438-446.
Nadanyiova, M., Kliestikova, J., & Kolencik, J. (2018). Sensory marketing from the perspective of a support tool for building brand value. Economics and Culture,15(1), 96-104
Niehm, L. S., Fiore, A. M., Jeong, M., & Kim, H.-J. (2007). Pop-up retail’s acceptability as an innovative business strategy and enhancer of the customer shopping experience. Journal of Shopping Center Research, 13(2), 1-30.
Noort, G. V., & Reijmersdal, E. A. (2019). Branded apps: Explaining effects of brands mobile phone applications on brand responses. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 16-26.
Oberfeld, D., Hecht, H., Allendorf, U., & Wickelmaier, F. (2009). Ambient lighting modifies the flavor of wine. Journal of Sensory Studies, 24(6), 797-832.
Orth, U. R., & Malkewitz, K. (2008). Holistic package design and consumer brand impressions. Journal of Marketing, 72(3), 64-81.
Park, J., & Stoel, L. (2005). Effect of brand familiarity, experience and information on online apparel purchase. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(2), 148-160.
Parker, C. J., & Wang, H. (2016). Examining hedonic and utilitarian motivations for m-commerce fashion retail app engagement. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 20(4), 487-506.
Peter, C., & Ponzi, M. (2018). The risk of omitting warmth or competence information in ads. Journal of Advertising Research, 58(4), 423-432.
Picot-Coupey, K. (2014). The pop-up store as a foreign operation mode (FOM) for retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(7), 643-670.
Pieters, R., & Warlop, L. (1999). Visual attention during brand choice: The impact of time pressure and task motivation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 16(1), 1-16.
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97-105.
Pink, S. (2003). Representing the sensory home: Ethnographic experience and anthropological hypermedia. Social Analysis, 47(3), 46-63.
Pocock, D. (1989). Sound and the geographer. The Geographical Association, 74(3), 193-200.
Pomodoro, S. (2013). Temporary retail in fashion system: An explorative study. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 17(3), 341-352.
Postrel, V. (2003), The substance of style, New York: Harper Collins.
PRNewswire. (2018, November 14). Blue bottle coffee opens seasonal gift shop in Taiwan. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blue-bottle-coffee-opens-seasonal-gift-shop-in-taiwan-300750020.html
Richard, G. (2001). “The experience industry and the creation of attraction.” In Cultural Attractions and European Tourism, edited by G. Richards. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI Publishing, pp. 55-59.
Richards, G. (2001). The experience industry and the creation of attractions. Cultural Attractions and European Tourism, 55-69.
Richardson, P. S., Dick, A. S., & Jain, A. K. (1994). Extrinsic and intrinsic cue effects on perceptions of store brand quality. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 28-36.
Rigg, M. G. (1940). Speed as a determiner of musical mood. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27(5), 566-571.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. (2015). SmartPLS 3. Bönningstedt: SmartPLS. Retrieved from http://www.smartpls.com
Rizvi, W. H., & Oney, E. (2018). The influence of emotional confidence on brand attitude: Using brand belief as mediating variable. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 31(1), 158-170.
Robin, O., Rousmans, S., Dittmar, A., & Vernet-Maury, E. (2000). Autonomic estimated basic emotions induced by primary tastes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, S1415.
Rolls, E. T., O’Doherty, J., Kringelbach, M. L., Francis, S., Bowtell, R., & McGlone, F. (2003). Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. Cerebral cortex, 13(3), 308-317.
Roth, S., Himbert, L., & Zielke, S. (2017). Does unit pricing influence store price image dimensions and shopping intentions for retail stores? European Journal of Marketing, 51(7/8), 1396-1413.
Rousset, S., Deiss, V., Juillard, E., Schlich, P., & Droit-Volet, S. (2005). Emotions generated by meat and other food products in women. British Journal of Nutrition, 94(4), 609-619.
Rudkowski, J., Heney, C., Yu, H., Sedlezky, S., & Gunn, F. (in press). Here today, gone tomorrow? Mapping and modeling the pop-up retail customer journey. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. Retrieved from http://doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.003
Russell, J. A. (1979). Affective space is bipolar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(3), 345-356.
Russell, J. A., & Pratt, G. (1980). A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 311-322.
Russell, A. M., & Fiske, S. T. (2008). Its all relative: Competition and status drive interpersonal perception. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(7), 1193-1201.
Russo Spena, T., Caridà, A., Colurcio, M., & Melia, M. (2012). Store experience and co‐creation: the case of temporary shop. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 40(1), 21-40.
Ryu, J. S. (2011). Consumer attitudes and shopping intentions toward pop-up fashion stores. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 2(3), 139-147.
Sachdeva, I., & Goel, S. (2015). Retail store environment and customer experience: A paradigm. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 19(3), 290-298.
Schifferstein, H. N., & Cleiren, M. P. (2005). Capturing product experiences: Asplit-modality approach. Acta Psychologica, 118(3), 293-318.
Schlosser, A. E. (1998). Applying the functional theory of attitudes to understanding the influence of store atmosphere on store inferences. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(4), 345-369.
Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1-3), 53-67.
Schmitt, B. (2012). The consumer psychology of brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(1), 7-17.
Schüller, S., & Jud, B. V. (2018). The revolution of brick-and-mortar-retail: Pop-up stores-a taxonomy. Marketing Review St. Gallen, 35(1), 60-68.
Sheehan, A. (2017). How to appeal to all 5 senses at your pop-up store. Retrieved from https://www.thestorefront.com/mag/experiential-retail-appeal-five-senses-pop/
Sheppard, A. (1987). Aesthetics: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Art. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Shiu, E., Walker, D., & Cheng, C. J. (2006). A theoretical investigation into the potential applications of olfactory cues to the marketing of new products. Innovative Marketing, 2(4), 44-53.
Singh, P. (2019, January 11). Why pop-up stores should be part of every retailer's strategy. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/326138
Smith, A. (2019, April 13). 15 things to do in Toronto this weekend: March 22 to 24. Retrieved from https://dailyhive.com/toronto/toronto-events-march-22-24-2019
Smith, W. (1989). Trends in retail lighting. Retail and Distribution Management, 17(5), 30-32.
Spangenberg, E. R., Crowley, A. E., & Henderson, P. W. (1996). Improving the store environment: Do olfactory cues affect evaluations and behaviors? Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 67-80.
Spies, K., Hesse, F., & Loesch, K. (1997). Store atmosphere, mood and purchasing behavior. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(1), 1-17.
Spreng, R. A., MacKenzie, S. B., & Olshavsky, R. W. (1996). A reexamination of the determinants of consumer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 15-32.
Steward, A. L., & Lupfer, M. (1987). Touching as teaching: The effect of touch on students perceptions and performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17(9), 800-809.
Stewart, K., & Koh, H. E. (2017). Hooked on a feeling: The effect of music tempo on attitudes and the mediating role of consumers affective responses. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16(6), 550-564.
Storefront (2016a). How colors can drive sales at your pop-up Store. Retrieved from https://www.thestorefront.com/mag/how-color-can-drive-sales-at-your-pop-up-store/
Storefront (2016b). Pop-up 101: Designing a store Layout. Retrieved from https://www.thestorefront.com/mag/design-effective-layout-for-your-popup-store/
Strugnell, C., & Jones, L. (1999). Consumer perceptions and opinions of fragrances in household products. Nutrition & Food Science, 99(4), 21-24.
Surchi, M. (2011). The temporary store: A new marketing tool for fashion brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 15(2), 257-270.
Sutterlin, B., Brunner, T. A., & Opwis, K. (2008). Eye-tracking the cancellation and focus model for preference judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 904-911.
Tam, J. L. (2008). Brand familiarity: Its effects on satisfaction evaluations. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(1), 3-12.
Tan-Gillies, H. (2019, May 16). A sense-sational evening: Shiseido launches Shiseido sense beauty pop-up and Shiseido forest valley. Retrieved from https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/a-sense-sational-evening-shiseido-launches-shiseido-sense-beauty-pop-up-and-shiseido-forest-valley/
Tiger, L. (1992). The pursuit of pleasure. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005). Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science, 308(5728), 1623-1626.
Townsend, C. (2017). The price of beauty: Differential effects of design elements with and without cost implications in nonprofit donor solicitations. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(4), 794-815.
Tractinsky, N., & Lowengart, O. (2007). Web-store aesthetics in e-retailing: A conceptual framework and some theoretical implications. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 11(1), 1-18.
Tsiotsou, R. (2006). Using visit frequency to segment ski resorts customers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(1), 15-26.
Tynan, C., & Mckechnie, S. (2009). Experience marketing: A review and reassessment. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(5-6), 501-517.
Valdez, P., & Mehrabian, A. (1994). Effects of color on emotions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 123(4), 394-409.
Vieira, V. A. (2013). Stimuli–organism-response framework: A meta-analytic review in the store environment. Journal of Business Research, 66(9), 1420-1426.
Voss, K. E., Spangenberg, E. R., & Grohmann, B. (2003). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(3), 310-320.
Warnaby, G., Kharakhorkina, V., Shi, C., & Corniani, M. (2015). Pop-up retailing: integrating objectives and activity stereotypes. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 6(4), 303-316.
Warrenburg, S. (2005). Effects of fragrance on emotions: Moods and physiology. Chemical Senses, 30(Supplement 1), I248-I249.
Wastiels, L., Schifferstein, H. N., Heylighen, A., & Wouters, I. (2012). Red or rough, what makes materials warmer? Materials & Design, 42, 441-449.
Watson, D., Hancock, M., Mandryk, R. L., & Birk, M. (2013). Deconstructing the touch experience. Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces - ITS '13, 199-208.
Weng, C. (2008) An empirical study on the relationships among five senses, perceived consumer benefits, and great experience (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/handle/11536/43044
Wiedmann, K., Hennigs, N., Klarmann, C., & Behrens, S. (2013). Creating multi-sensory experiences in luxury marketing. Marketing Review St. Gallen, 30(6), 60-69.
Wiedmann, K., Labenz, F., Haase, J., & Hennigs, N. (2017). The power of experiential marketing: exploring the causal relationships among multisensory marketing, brand experience, customer perceived value and brand strength. Journal of Brand Management, 25(2), 101-118.
Willander, J., & Larsson, M. (2007). Olfaction and emotion: The case of autobiographical memory. Memory & Cognition, 35(7), 1659-1663.
Williams, L. E., & Bargh, J. A. (2008). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322(5901), 606-607.
Williams, P., Khan, M. S., Ashill, N. J., & Naumann, E. (2011). Customer attitudes of stayers and defectors in B2B services: Are they really different? Industrial Marketing Management, 40(5), 805-815.
Williams, P., Soutar, G., Ashill, N. J., & Naumann, E. (2017). Value drivers and adventure tourism. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(1), 102-122.
Winchester, M., & Romaniuk, J. (2008). Negative brand beliefs and brand usage. International Journal of Market Research, 50(3), 355-375.
Winchester, M., Romaniuk, J., & Bogomolova, S. (2008). Positive and negative brand beliefs and brand defection/uptake. European Journal of Marketing, 42(5/6), 553-570.
Wu, L., Lin, C., & Lin, W. (2015) Celebrity endorsement in private brand: Brand familiarity, perceived risk, perceived value, and brand relationship. Management Research, 15(1), 85-116.
Yeshurun, Y., & Sobel, N. (2010). An odor is not worth a thousand words: From multidimensional odors to unidimensional odor objects. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 219-241.
Yoo, C., Park, J., & Macinnis, D. J. (1998). Effects of store characteristics and in-store emotional experiences on store attitude. Journal of Business Research, 42(3), 253-263.
Zwebner, Y., Lee, L., & Goldenberg, J. (2013). The temperature premium: Warm temperatures increase product valuation. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(2), 251-259.