黑潮是流經臺灣附近海域的最大暖流，為北太平洋環流的一部份，是全球第二大洋流，僅次於墨西哥灣暖流。黑潮自低緯地區攜帶大量的熱量及水氣至中高緯度地區，其長期變化對於整個北半球和東亞地區之氣候系統有著深遠的影響。關於上次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum, LGM)時沖繩海槽海域的黑潮流徑變化及古海洋資料重建，前人已有許多研究，但利用有孔蟲群聚、植物花粉等不同代用指標所得到的結果仍有爭論，仍需要結合其他岩芯相同代用指標的重建結果，並輔以更多其他研究資料進行多方面的討論。本研究利用取自沖繩海槽內的岩芯GH11-2017，結合已發表的岩芯GH08-2004和MD012404資料，以3種棲息於不同水深範圍之浮游有孔蟲種屬，分析其化石殼體鎂鈣比值、殼體穩定同位素等重建過去4萬年至今的海水古溫鹽變化紀錄。前人研究發現在上次冰盛期時，GH11-2017和MD012404表層海水與次表層海水的鎂鈣比值重建溫度差值明顯減少，可能代表當時黑潮強度或路徑有所改變。但在本研究利用3種浮游有孔蟲種屬所建立的溫度、水體氧同位素紀錄則發現在LGM期間，3支不同位置岩芯的表水-次表水溫度差值並沒有較大的改變，而在18Osw資料上，僅有MD012404出現較大的變化，同樣位在海槽內側的GH11-2017則並沒有出現類似的變化。因此推測黑潮在LGM時期可能並非直接流入沖繩海槽，而是受水深改變的影響，轉而與琉球洋流匯流，再透過慶良間通道流入沖繩海槽，影響沖繩海槽內的水文狀況。

The Kuroshio current is the biggest warm current near Taiwan, which is part of North Pacific gyre. It’s the second largest current in the world. Kuroshio brings a lot of heat and water vapor from low latitude area to high latitude area, playing an important role to variation of the climate in the north hemisphere. It has been a plenty of works about the Kuroshio path variation during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), however, using different proxy indicating different results, it still needs more proxy to compliment the record. Our research takes the core GH11-2017 from Okinawa through, combined with the core GH08-2004 and MD012404, which has been published, with Mg/Ca ratio and oxygen isotope of three planktonic foraminiferal species to reconstruct the vertical structure of water mass in Okinawa through. We found that there is almost no difference between the temperature structure in three cores, but the salinity data of MD012404 shows different variation in LGM. However, core GH11-2017 didn’t show the same variation like MD012404. We inferred that Kuroshio didn’t flow into the Okinawa Trough directly. Instead, it converged with Ryukyu current by restricting with the topography, and flowing into the Okinawa Trough via Kirama Gap.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 5
1.3 古海水溫度、水體穩定氧同位素紀錄重建 9
1.4 研究目的 13
第二章、研究區域、材料與方法 14
2.1 研究區域 14
2.2 沉積物樣品前處理 16
2.3 年代模式 18
2.4 殼體同位素及鎂鈣元素分析 20
第三章、水文溫鹽結構重建 23
3.1 浮游有孔蟲種屬特性與生長範圍 23
3.2 多種屬浮游有孔蟲碳氧同位素 26
3.3 三種浮游有孔蟲季節性差異 28
3.4 沖繩海槽內外水體結構差異 30
3.5 不同種屬浮游有孔蟲棲息水深 31
3.6 全球海平面變化 37
3.7 氧同位素數值標準化 38
3.8 水體氧同位素重建 39
第四章、結果 41
4.1 多種屬浮游有孔蟲碳氧同位素紀錄 41
4.2 浮游有孔蟲鎂鈣比值資料品質 45
4.3 多種屬浮游有孔蟲化石鎂鈣比值溫度重建結果 49
4.4 各水團垂直溫度差值結果 54
第五章、討論 58
5.1 GH11-2017岩芯重建紀錄 59
5.2 水體溫度結構重建 64
5.3冷暖時期水體溫度結構、水體氧同位素結構比較 77
第六章、結論 81
參考文獻 84
中文部分 84
英文部分 84
附錄 94

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