為了解濁水溪口南部沿岸之蝦、蟹及蝦蛄物種組成，並探討環境因子與甲殼類群聚之關係，並依據優勢物種生物學之成長參數與其季節變化，推估其補充群及棲地利用之情形。於2012年3月至2014年9月間，在濁水溪口以南的雲林沿岸海域，水深6–21米之三測站進行拖網採樣，並同步收集表層水溫、表層鹽度、溶氧量、葉綠素a含量、濁度、透明度、硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽、矽酸鹽、河川逕流量及降雨量等環境因子。結果顯示表層水溫、溶氧量、葉綠素a含量、濁度、硝酸鹽及亞硝酸鹽皆具有明顯月別變化，濕季呈現高溫、高葉綠素a含量及低溶氧量、低硝酸鹽及低亞硝酸鹽。在11個航次33網次的採樣中，共捕獲甲殼類標本28,833隻，共15科33屬61種，所採得之累積物種數仍呈現上升趨勢。此海域甲殼類動物前七優勢種依序為長角彷對蝦（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）（66.1%）、矛形梭子蟹（Portunus hastatoides）（10.0%）、周氏新對蝦（Metapenaeus joyneri）（7.6%）、角突彷對蝦（Parapenaeopsis cornuta）（2.7%）、印度對蝦（Penaeus indicus）（1.9%）、劍角新對蝦（Metapenaeus ensis）（1.6%）和細足長臂蝦（Nematopalaemon tenuipes）（1.4%）合計佔總豐度的91.2%，除細足長臂蝦高峰出現於12–2月外，其餘優勢種均以6–8月為出現高峰。
此河口海域之底棲甲殼類組成之時序更迭，為優勢種組成更迭所致，長角彷對蝦與矛形梭子蟹終年皆有捕獲，但乾濕季明顯的組成分群是因為周氏新對蝦及細足長臂蝦之更迭決定。種類組成與水文環境有關，劍角新對蝦及角突彷對蝦出現於高逕流量及高水溫之環境，細足長臂蝦則偏好低水溫、高營養鹽及高濁度的環境。整體豐度的季節變化則與優勢種補充及棲地利用相關，秋末夏初時，長角彷對蝦及矛形梭子蟹開始出現補充群，整體蝦、蟹群豐度提升，並穩定棲息於此海域。當濁水溪南部沿岸水溫達16oC以上較少捕獲周氏新對蝦的成熟個體，且6–9月出現大量的幼蝦，顯示濁水溪南部沿岸為周氏新對蝦幼蝦的重要棲息場所。

The aim of this study was to understand the composition of shrimp, crab and mantis shrimp assemblages and to investigate the relationship between their seasonal variation and environmental factors in the southern coastal waters off the Zhuoshui River. Furthermore, based on the growth parameters and seasonal variations of several dominant species, their estuarine utilization was hypothesized. The sampling was conducted at three stations on the southern coast of the Zhuoshui River mouth from March 2012 to September 2014. Environmental factors including seawater surface temperature, surface salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentration, turbidity, nitrates, silicate and sulfite were collected simultaneously. The results revealed that seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentration, turbidity, transparency, nitrates, nitrite and sulfite varied monthly. Higher temperatures and chlorophyll a concentration were related to the wet season. In total, 61 species belonging to 15 families and 33 genera were collected, but the accumulative species number was not steady. The seven dominant species by abundance were Parapenaeopsis hardwickii（66.1%）, Portunus hastatoides（10.0%）, Metapenaeus joyneri（7.6%）, Parapenaeopsis cornuta（2.7%）, Penaeus indicus（1.9%）, Metapenaeus ensis（1.6%）, and Nematopalaemon tenuipes（1.4%）. Significant temporal variation of the assemblages was observed due to the different compositions of the dominant species. Among the seven, N. tenuipes was abundant between December and February, whereas the others were more abundant from June to August. P. hardwickii and P. hastatoides could be captured throughout the year, but with seasonal variation. The abundance of M. joyneri and N. tenuipes controlled the composition of dry and wet season groups, respectively.
The grouping of estuarine crustaceans is related to seasonal variation of the hydrological characteristics. M. ensis and P. cornuta appear at high water flow and high temperature, whereas N. tenuipes prefers low temperature, high nutrients and high turbidity.
Temporal variation of the assemblages was related to the recruitment and habitat usage of the dominant species. In early summer and late autumn, P. hardwickii and P. hastatoides recruit in coastal waters and are abundant when the temperature is rising during the wet season. As the water temperature is higher than 16°C on the southern coast of the Zhuoshui River mouth, less mature M. joyneri were captured and a large number of sub-adults appeared from June to September, revealing a vital nursery ground for the juvenile M. joyneri.

目 錄
謝詞…………………………………………………………………………..…………i
摘要………………………………………………………………………………...….ii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………..iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………..vi
表目錄…………………………………………………………….…………………….ix
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………...........x
附表………………………………………………………………………….……….....xi
附圖………………………………………………………………………….………....xii
附錄………………………………………………………………………….………...xiii

一、前言………………………………………………………………….…1
1.1研究環境簡介…..…………………………………………………………………1
1.2甲殼類的重要性..…………………………………………………………………2
1.3底棲甲殼類群聚及環境因子關係………………………………………………..4
1.4國內外文獻回顧……………………..……………………………………………5
1.5研究目的……………………………...…………………………………..……….7
二、材料與方法………………………..…………………………………...8
2.1研究方法……………………………….………………..………………………...8
2.1.1採樣地點……………………………………………...…………….………...8
2.1.2採樣方法…………………………………………………….………..............8
2.2樣品處理及數據分析………………………………………………….……..….10
2.2.1底棲樣品…………………………………………………………...….…….10
2.2.2數據分析…………………………………………………………….….…...10
2.2.3多樣性指數…………………………………………………….……….…...11
2.2.4環境因子與優勢種相關性分析…..………………………………………...13
2.2.5多變量統計分析………………………………………………………..…...14
2.2.5.1集群分析（Cluster analysis）……………………………..……………...14
2.2.5.2多空間尺度分析（Multi–dimensional scaling, MDS）…...……….…...14
2.2.5.3相似度分析（Analysis of similarities, ANOSIM）………….…………...14
2.2.5.4相似性百分比分析（Similarity Percentages, SIMPER）…..……....……15
三、結果………………………………………………………………...…16
3.1水文環境……………………………………………………………………...….16
3.1.1水文資料…………………………………………………………………….16
3.1.2水質資料…………………………………………………………………….16
3.2底棲蝦、蟹及蝦蛄種類組成……………………………..……..…………..……17
3.3群聚多樣性時序變化………………………………..………………………..…20
3.4優勢種組成與時序變化………………………………..………………..………21
3.5底棲蝦、蟹及蝦蛄群聚之多變量分析………..…………………………………22
3.6優勢種與環境因子…………………………………………………..……..……24
3.7優勢種生物學………………………………..……………………………..……25
3.7.1長角彷對蝦（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）……………………….…………25
3.7.1.1頭胸甲長頻度分佈………………………………..……………………25
3.7.1.2體重、體長及頭胸甲長之關係……………………………..………..…25
3.7.2矛形梭子蟹（Portunus hastatoides）…………………………………...……26
3.7.2.1甲殼長頻度分佈………………………………..………………………26
3.7.2.2體重、甲殼長及甲殼寬之關係…………..…………………..…………27
3.7.3周氏新對蝦（Metapenaeus joyneri）……………………………......…….…28
3.7.3.1頭胸甲長頻度分佈…………………………………………..…………28
3.7.3.2頭胸甲長與體長之關係………………………………..………………29
四、討論………………………………………………………...…………30
4.1濁水溪口南岸沿海十足目及口足目之群聚物種組成……………..……..……30
4.2濁水溪口南部沿岸優勢種之時序變化…………………………..…..…………33
4.3濁水溪口南部沿岸蝦、蟹及蝦蛄群聚的乾濕季變化…………..………..……..35
4.4濁水溪口南部沿岸優勢種與環境因子之相關性………..….…………….……37
4.5濁水溪口南部沿岸優勢種生物學………………………..…………..…………39
4.5.1 長角彷對蝦（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）…………………………………39
4.5.2 矛形梭子蟹（Portunus hastatoides）………………………………..………40
4.5.3 周氏新對蝦（Metapenaeus joyneri）………………………………..………40
五、結論……………………………………………...……………………42
六、參考文獻………………………………………..…….………………43
6.1中文部份…………………………………………………………………………43
6.2英文部份…………………………………………………………………………46
6.3網路資料…………………………………………………………………………55

表………………………………………………………………………………..…...…56

圖………………………………………………………………………………….....…77

附表………..………………………………………………………………………...…90

附圖………..………………………………………………………………………...…93

附錄………..………………………………………………………………………...…97

圖版……..………………………………………………………………………….......99

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