企業是由不同的功能部門所組成。不同的功能部門之間互相合作與協調地執行不同目標的企業流程，然而這些流程的組成大部分是由鬆散的作業環節所組成，彼此間無法有效地傳遞資訊，以及有效率地被監督。因此當企業要提升競爭力時，必須改善流程執行的無效率問題。近年來有越來越多的研究顯示工作流程如果能保持彈性的話，對企業將會有更多好處。

在文獻探討中主要可分為四大部分來探討。第一部分將探討工作流程，包含彈性工作流程的定義以及相關研究。第二部份將探討資源管理，包含工作流程與資源管理相關研究探討以及限制規劃演算法。第三部份將探討專案管理，包含專案管理的定義、專案管理技術探討。最後部分將說明醫療流程。

在彈性工作流程驗證方面，本研究醫療流程中的剖腹生產流程為例，說明產婦在做生產前的檢驗時，如何以彈性工作流程來完成檢驗作業。在本研究中提出一個以資源管理、專案管理以及工作流程管理的整合架構，來實現彈性工作流程。在驗證時，以限制規劃演算法來表達工作流程結構，經過限制關係解決器計算後，產生一可行排程交由資源管理者與工作流程引擎來進行工作流程。

An enterprise is composed of different departments, and these departments work together to achieve goals of business processes collaboratively. However, most of these business processes comprise loose operations, and information can’t be passed efficiently among them. Hence, if an enterprise wants to promote competence, the problem of inefficient execution of processes must be improved. And, if workflows could have more flexibility, it will bring more benefits for enterprises.

In this study, there are four parts to discuss flexible workflows. Firstly, we discussed workflows including the definitions of flexible workflows. Secondly, we discussed resource management including workflows with resource management and constraints programming. Thirdly, we discussed project management including the definition of project management and techniques. Finally, we discussed medical flows including three kinds of medical flows.

We propose a prototyping system architecture including workflow management, resource management and project management to implement flexible workflows. In the experiment, we use a medical flow to explain how this system works. And, this system can produce a feasible schedule by a constraint solver.

第一章 緒論 9
1.1 研究背景 9
1.2 研究動機與目的 10
1.3 研究範圍與假設 12
1.4 研究方法與架構 12
1.5 論文架構 12
第二章 文獻探討 14
2.1 工作流程 14
2.1.1 工作流程的定義 14
2.1.2 工作流程管理系統 15
2.1.3 工作流程模型的建立 19
2.1.5 工作流程的表達 27
2.2 資源管理 31
2.2.1 工作流程與資源管理 31
2.2.2 限制規劃演算法 33
2.3 專案管理 34
2.3.1 專案管理的定義 35
2.3.2 專案管理的技術 36
2.4 醫療流程 37
第三章 系統分析與設計 39
3.1 問題描述與定義 39
3.2 系統目的與限制 39
3.3 使用者需求分析 40
3.4 系統設計 41
3.4.1 系統功能分析 41
3.4.2 彈性工作流程管理系統概觀 42
3.5.1 流程運作說明 45
3.5.2 系統運作流程說明 47
第四章 實驗分析研究 52
4.1 作業流程說明 52
4.2 流程描述與限制關係描述 53
4.3 實驗結果與分析 57
第五章 結論與未來工作 59
5.1 結論 59
5.2 未來工作 59
參考文獻 60

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