傳統的軟體測試往往在程式設計階段才進行且花費太多的成本。根據相關研究指出，如果能夠在程式設計階段以前找出錯誤，則修正錯誤的成本可以被降低。目前統一塑模語言 (UML)已成為物件導向系統分析與設計的標準塑模語言，過去這幾年來在整合UML、模式驅動架構 (MDA)與電腦輔助軟體工程工具 (CASE Tool)的努力上已經有了相當不錯的成果，其主要目的是要增加系統開發的生產率 (Productivity)。以物件限制語言 (OCL)描述企業邏輯限制已在這個領域裡成為一個主要的趨勢。
本研究會提出一個方法論說明在系統分析與設計的階段以OCL來描述PIM的企業邏輯限制，接著使用CASE 工具將OCL表達式轉換為程式碼模式，最後以模擬的方式實施模式測試。本研究會使用三個真實的案例與一個CASE工具來實施方法論的可用性測試 (包含方法論的概念、應用與優點)。藉由這個方法，可於系統分析與設計的階段先找出有關企業邏輯限制的軟體錯誤，因此可以減少軟體測試的成本與增加系統開發的效率。

Traditionally software testing is performed at the coding stage and is costly. Prior research indicated that if the errors can be found prior to the coding stage, the cost for fixing the errors can be reduced. Today, Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become a standard modeling language in object-oriented systems analysis and design. Over the past few years a considerable effort has been made in synthesizing UML, MDA (Model-Driven Architecture), and CASE tool to increase the productivity of the system development. Specifying the business logic constraints with Object Constraint Language (OCL) has become a main trend in this area.
This study presents a methodology to specify the business logic constraint with OCL on the platform independent model during the systems analysis and design stage, then transform the OCL expressions into the code model and do the model testing simultaneously with a CASE tool. Three real-world cases and a CASE tool are used to test the usability (including the concepts, application, and advantages) of the proposed methodology. With this approach, software bugs related to business logic constraints can be found at the systems analysis and design stage and thereby reduce the cost of software testing and enhance the efficiency of system development.

目錄
致謝詞......................................................................................... I
中文摘要....................................................................................... II
Abstract....................................................................................... III
目錄........................................................................................... IV
圖目錄......................................................................................... VI
表目錄......................................................................................... VIII
第一章、緒論................................................................................... 1
第一節、研究背景與動機......................................................................... 1
第二節、研究目的與範圍......................................................................... 2
第三節、論文架構............................................................................... 2
第二章、文獻探討............................................................................... 4
第一節、軟體測試............................................................................... 4
第二節、模式測試............................................................................... 6
第三節、統一塑模語言與類別圖................................................................... 6
第四節、物件限制語言........................................................................... 15
第五節、模式驅動架構........................................................................... 21
第六節、電腦輔助軟體工程工具................................................................... 23
第三章、研究方法............................................................................... 26
第一節、軟體工程研究法......................................................................... 26
第一節、研究流程............................................................................... 27
第四章、企業邏輯表達方法論..................................................................... 31
第一節、以OCL表達企業邏輯限制.................................................................. 34
第二節、將類別圖與OCL轉換為程式碼.............................................................. 35
第三節、人工修補程式碼與實施模擬測試........................................................... 40
第五章、可用性測試............................................................................. 44
第一節、可用性測試案例-A鋼鐵公司............................................................... 44
第二節、應用案例一－查詢包裝線進料鋼捲......................................................... 46
第三節、應用案例二－前儲區儲位產生規則......................................................... 57
第四節、應用案例三－包裝線preset............................................................... 69
第五節、觀察與評估............................................................................. 79
第六章、結論................................................................................... 82
第一節、研究成果............................................................................... 82
第二節、研究限制............................................................................... 82
第二節、研究貢獻............................................................................... 82
第三節、未來研究方向........................................................................... 83
參考文獻....................................................................................... 84
中文參考文獻................................................................................... 84
英文參考文獻................................................................................... 84

圖目錄
圖2-1 軟體開發過程中修正錯誤成本的示意圖....................................................... 5
圖2-2 UML2.0圖型分類........................................................................... 9
圖2-3 類別之表示符號........................................................................... 10
圖2-4 實體類別表示符號......................................................................... 10
圖2-5 邊界類別表示符號......................................................................... 11
圖2-6 控制類別表示符號......................................................................... 11
圖2-7 以自然語言表達類別圖的限制............................................................... 14
圖2-8 OCL表達式架構............................................................................ 18
圖2-9 銀行帳戶類別圖........................................................................... 19
圖2-10 模式驅動架構三層次轉換的架構圖.......................................................... 22
圖3-1 研究流程................................................................................. 27
圖3-2 可用性測試的流程......................................................................... 29
圖4-1 模式測試方法論的流程..................................................................... 31
圖4-2 企業邏輯表達方法之流程................................................................... 32
圖4-3 Intel公司人事管理系統類別圖.............................................................. 33
圖4-4 轉出的Company類別程式碼.................................................................. 38
圖4-5 轉出的Employee類別程式碼................................................................. 39
圖4-6 修補Company類別程式碼.................................................................... 40
圖4-7 修補Employee類別程式碼................................................................... 41
圖4-8 測試主程式的程式碼....................................................................... 42
圖4-9 模擬測試結果............................................................................. 43
圖5-1 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之活動圖............................................................... 47
圖5-2 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之循序圖............................................................... 48
圖5-3 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之類別圖............................................................... 49
圖5-4 轉出的HMIP230_01類別程式碼............................................................... 54
圖5-5 HMIP230_01類別的程式碼修補............................................................... 55
圖5-6 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之測試主程式的程式碼................................................... 56
圖5-7 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之實施人工模擬測試的結果............................................... 56
圖5-8 前儲區儲位產生規則之活動圖............................................................... 59
圖5-9 前儲區儲位產生規則之循序圖............................................................... 60
圖5-10 前儲區儲位產生規則之類別圖.............................................................. 61
圖5-11 轉出的Compute類別程式碼................................................................. 66
圖5-12 Compute類別的程式碼修補................................................................. 67
圖5-13 前儲區儲位產生規則之測試主程式的程式碼.................................................. 68
圖5-14 前儲區儲位產生規則之實施人工模擬測試的結果.............................................. 68
圖5-15 包裝線preset之活動圖.................................................................... 70
圖5-16 包裝線preset之循序圖.................................................................... 71
圖5-17 包裝線preset之類別圖.................................................................... 72
圖5-18 轉出的SDPKLSendM00類別程式碼............................................................ 77
圖5-19 SDPKLSendM00類別的程式碼修補............................................................ 78
圖5-20 包裝線preset之測試主程式的程式碼........................................................ 78
圖5-21 包裝線preset之實施人工模擬測試的結果.................................................... 79

表目錄
表2-1 UML2.0的13種圖形......................................................................... 7
表2-2 類別間之關係與表示符號................................................................... 13
表2-3 UML/OCL CASE工具......................................................................... 25
表5-1 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之使用個案............................................................. 46
表5-2 查詢包裝線進料鋼捲之商業限制............................................................. 49
表5-3 前儲區儲位產生規則之使用個案............................................................. 57
表5-4 前儲區儲位產生規則之商業限制............................................................. 61
表5-5 包裝線preset之使用個案................................................................... 69
表5-6 包裝線preset之商業限制................................................................... 72
表5-7 A鋼鐵公司工程進度報告表.................................................................. 80
表5-8 採用企業邏輯表達方法論前後的差異......................................................... 80
表5-9 進行效能與效率評估後之結果............................................................... 81

參考文獻
中文參考文獻
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劉紀良，「以物件限制語言作為類別限制及操作規格描述之研究」，中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，2006年1月。
陳易震，「模式測試：建構測試路徑方法論與應用」，中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，2008年6月。
許令信，「模式測試整合方法論之研究」，中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，2008年6月。
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