本文探討進口國政府向一多產品廠商採行從量稅課徵，對其產品產量與產品種類的影響。本文發現當多產品線上財貨的替代程度越高時，進口關稅不僅會降低每一財貨的產出，也會減少產品的種類，並且進口國的最適關稅會隨財貨替代性程度的增加而遞減。本文也討論了存在海外代工的情況下，多產品廠商海內外生產分配的結構。我們發現多產品廠商會針對每個產品選擇成本最低廉的生產地區，因此部分財貨的生產會交由海外勞動來代工生產，而部分的財貨繼續維持在國內生產。特別是我們得出當代工地區工資小於多產品廠商母國的工資水準時，多產品廠商會將單位成本高的產品交由海外代工廠商來生產，但是當本國工資較外國工資為低時，多產品廠商會將單位成本低的產品交由海外代工廠商生產。在存在境外生產情況下，由於進口關稅會影響財貨自製或海外代工的相對成本優勢，因此也進而影響多產品廠商對於其國內外產品種類以及產品數量的安排。最後比較廠商在母國生產與有代工的選擇下產品範疇的差異。

This paper discusses the effects of the specific tariffs imposed by the government on the output and product range of multi-product firms, as well as the products are more substitutable, Tariffs reduce not only the output of each variety, but also the product scope of multi-product firm. We also discusses the distribution structure of multi-product firms at home and abroad under opening of offshore. For each product, the manufacturer will choose the production area with the lowest cost, and move some production lines to foreign countries, while maintaining the other production at home. In particular, when we conclude that the wages in offshoring areas are lower than those in the home countries of multi-product firm, multi-product manufacturer will turn over the products with high unit cost to overseas for production. However, when domestic wages are lower than foreign wages, multi-product firm will turn over the products with low unit cost to overseas for production. In the case of offshoring, the import tariff will affect the relative cost advantage of home-made goods or offshoring, so it will also affect the arrangement of domestic and foreign product types and quantity of multi-product manufacturers. Last, the differences of product range between the home production and offshoring available are compared.

論文審定書 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
第一章、前言 1
第二章、基本模型設定 6
第一節、消費者偏好與需求 6
第二節、多產品廠商的成本與技術 7
第三節、比較靜態 8
第四節、不存在海外代工下市場均衡 9
第三章、廠商海外代工決策 12
第一節、消費者偏好與需求 13
第二節、多產品廠商的成本與技術 13
第三節、F國課徵從量稅 16
第四節、比較靜態 19
第四章、結論 23
參考文獻 25
附錄 28

Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B.(1991). R&D, firm size, and innovative activity. In: Acs, Z.J.,
Audretsch, D.B. (Eds.), Innovation and Technological Change: An International
Comparison. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Baldwin, J., Gu, W.(2009). The impact of trade on plant scale, production-run length and
diversification. In: Dunne, T., Jensen, J.B., Roberts, M.J. (Eds.), Producer Dynamics:
New Evidence from Micro Data. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Baldwin, R. E. and Ottaviano, G. I. P. (2001), Multiproduct multinationals and reciprocal
FDI. Journal of International Economics, 54, 429-448
Bernard, A.B., Jensen, J.B., Redding, S.J., Schott, F.K. (2012). The empirics of firm
heterogeneity and international trade. Annual Review of Economics, 4, 283–313.
Bernard, A.B., Redding, S.J., Schott, F.K. (2010). Multi-product firms and product
switching. American Economic Review, 100 (1), 70–97.
Bernard,A.B., Redding, S.J., Schott, F.K. (2011). Multiproduct firms and trade
liberalization. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126, 1271-1318.
Berthou, A., Fontagne, L. (2013). How do multi-product exporters react to a change in
trade costs? The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 115 (2), 326–353.
Bound, J., Cummins, C., Griliches, Z., Hall, B.H., Jaffe, A. (1982). Who does R&D and
who patents? Z. Griliches, (Ed.), R&D, Patents, and Productivity. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, (1984), 21-54.
Brander, J. A. and Eaton, J. (1984). Product line rivalry, American Economic Review,
74 (3), 323-334.
Brander, J. A. and Spencer, B. J. (1985). Export subsidies and international market share
rivalry, Journal of International Economics. 18, 83–100.
Eaton, C. B. and Schmitt, N. (1994), Flexible manufacturing and market structure.
American Economic Review, 84 (4), 875-888.
Eckel, C. (2009), Endogenous sunk costs, flexible manufacturing and the productivity
effects of international trade. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 111 (2), 369-386.
Eckel, C., Iacovone, L., Javorcik, B., Neary,J.P. (2015), Multi-product firms at home and
away: cost-versus quality-based competence, Journal of International Economics, 95, 216–232.
Eckel, C., Irlacher, M. (2017), Multi-product offshoring, European Economic Review, 94,
71–89.
Eckel, C., Neary, J.P. (2010). Multi-product firms and flexible manufacturing in the global
economy. Review of Economic Studies. 77, 188–217.
Feenstra, R.C., Ma, H. (2008), Optimal choice of product scope for multiproduct firms.
In:Helpman, E., Marin, D., Verdier, T. (Eds.), The Organization of Firms in a Global
Economy. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Flach, L., Irlacher, M. (2015). Product versus process: innovation strategies of multi
product Firms. CESifo Working Paper 5405, CESifo Group Munich.
Grossman, G.M. , Rossi-Hansberg, E. (2008). A simple theory of offshoring. American
Economic Review, 98 (5), 1978–1997 .
Grossman, V. (2007). Firm size and diversification: multiproduct firms in asymmetric
oligopoly, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 25, 51-67.
Hallak, J. C. (2000). Domestic firms vs. multinationals: the effects of integration.
(Mimeo)
Hummels, D., Munch, J. R., Xiang, C. (2016).Offshoring and labor markets. Working
Paper 22041, NBER.
Iacovone, L., Javorcik, B.S.(2010). Multi-product exporters: product churning,
uncertainty and export discoveries. The Economic Journal, 120, 481–499.
Johnson, J. P. and Myatt, D. P. (2003). Multiproduct quality competition: fighting
brands and product line pruning, American Economic Review, 93 (3), 748-7.
Klemperer, P. (1992), Equilibrium product lines: competing head-to-head may be less
competitive, American Economic Review. 82 (4). 740-755.
Mayer, T., Melitz, M.J., Ottaviano, G.I.P. (2014). Market size, competition, and the
product mix of exporters. American Economic Review, 104 (2), 495–536 .
McCalman, P., Spearot, A. (2013). Why trucks jump: offshoring and product
characteristics. Jorunal of International Economics, 91, 82-95
McMillan, M.S. (2010). Production offshoring and labor markets: recent evidence and
research agenda. In: Porto, G., Hoekman, B.M.(Eds.), Trade Adjustment Cost in
Developing Countries: Impacts, Determinants and Policy Responses. Wahshington,
DC. : CEPR and The World Bank
Milgrom, P. and Roberts, J. (1990), The economics of modern manufacturing:
technology, strategy, organization. American Economic Review. 80 (3), 511-528.
Norman, G. and Thisse, J.-F. (1999), Technology choice and market structure: strategic
aspects of flexible manufacturing, Journal of Industrial Economics, 47, 345-372.
Ottaviano, G. I. P. and Thisse, J.-F. (1999). Monopolistic competition, multiproduct
firms and opitmum product diversity.(Discussion Paper No. 2151, London: CEPR)
Qiu, L.D., Zhou, W. (2013). Multiproduct firms and scope adjustment in globalization.
Journal of International Economics, 91(1), 142-153
Scherer, F. M.(1980). Industrial market structure and economic performance(2nd ed.).
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Yeaple, S. R. (2013). Scale, scope, and the international expansion strategies of
multiproduct firms. Working Paper 19166, NBER.