空氣汙染日益嚴重，影響的層面也越來越廣，逐漸也對人類的身體健康造成影響，在影響空氣汙染的成分中，舉例來說，像是PM2.5，由於其粒徑極小，能輕易地進入人體肺部，倘若污染物被這些細微粒附著，對於呼吸系統的危害程度將更加深。這些細懸浮微粒被人們直接吸入而進到肺部，更可穿透肺泡直達血液，一旦吸入的過多，人體自行排除的速度無法跟上吸入的量，將會有部分殘留在呼吸道或是肺部，長期而言對身體產生不小的負擔。
本文研究運用 Eviews分析軟體，使用時間序列法，針對台灣1994-2017年之資料，進行空氣污染與呼吸系統及肺癌死亡率進行相關性探討。結果顯示，對於呼吸系統死亡率而言，針對性別並無明顯的顯著關係，而PM2.5為一對於全體死亡率之顯著因素。針對老年人部分，NO2及CO對於老年人為一顯著影響因素，NO2及CO為氣狀汙染源，主要是交通氣體(汽車尾氣)排放來源，老年人應避免在戶外久留。對於肺癌死亡率而言，NO2及CO皆為顯著影響之因素，對於老年人之肺癌死亡率則是本文所探討之三種汙染物質皆有影響，因此老年人不論在呼吸系統抑或是肺癌之健康皆需特別謹慎。

Air pollution gradually becomes terribly, the level of influence is becoming more and more widely. Also, affect human’s health. Among the ingredients that affect air pollution, for example, like PM2.5 Due to its small particle size, it can easily penetrate into human’s lungs. If these tiny particles are attached to other pollutants, it will be more harmful to the Respiratory System.
And these particulate matters are inhaled directly into the lungs, even can penetrate the alveoli to the blood. When you absorb too much, your body can't eliminate itself as fast as you absorb. Thus, some will remain in the respiratory tract or lungs. In the long run, there are some influences to your body.
In this study, the correlation between air pollution and mortality of respiratory system and lung cancer was studied using Eviews analysis and time series method based on data from 1994 to 2017 in Taiwan.
The results showed that there was no significant association for respiratory mortality by gender, PM2.5 was a significant factor for the mortality. For the elderly, NO2 and CO were significant influencing factors. NO2 and CO are gaseous source, the main source of traffic gas (automobile exhaust) emissions, the elderly should avoid staying in the outdoors for a long time. For lung cancer mortality, both NO2 and CO were significant factors. Lung cancer mortality in the elderly is affected by all pollutants we discussed in this paper. Therefore, the health of the elderly, whether in the Respiratory System or Lung cancer, needs to be more attention.

論文審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖次 vi
表次 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 6
第三節 研究目的 7
第四節 研究架構 7
第二章 文獻回顧 8
第一節 空氣汙染物質及健康相關文獻 8
第二節 老年人健康之相關文獻 10
第三章 研究方法 11
第一節 資料說明 11
第二節 單根檢定 15
第三節 最適落後期數檢定 19
第四節 共整合檢定 20
第五節 向量自我迴歸模型 22
第六節 向量誤差修正模型 22
第七節Granger 因果關係檢定 23
第四章 實證分析 25
第一節 單根檢定 25
第二節 最適落後期數 28
第三節 共整合檢定 30
第四節 向量誤差修正模型 33
第五節 Granger因果關係檢定 39
第五章 結論與建議 45
第一節 結論 45
第二節 建議 48
參考文獻 49
一、中文文獻 49
二、英文文獻 50
三、網站整理 51

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