論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus:開放下載的時間 available 2025-06-24
論文名稱 Title |
感受妒羨對離職傾向之影響:焦慮的中介效果與知覺主管支持的干擾效果 The Influence of Feeling Envied on Turnover Intention:The Mediation Effect of Anxiety and the Moderation Effect of Perceived Supervisor Support |
||
系所名稱 Department |
|||
畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
||
學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
80 |
|
研究生 Author |
|||
指導教授 Advisor |
|||
召集委員 Convenor |
|||
口試委員 Advisory Committee |
|||
口試日期 Date of Exam |
2020-06-23 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2020-06-24 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
知覺主管支持、離職傾向、焦慮、知覺他人妒羨、妒羨 Perceived Supervisor Support, Turnover Intention, Anxiety, Feeling Envied, Envy |
||
統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5817 次,被下載 0 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5817 times, has been downloaded 0 times. |
中文摘要 |
本研究主要探討知覺他人妒羨對於員工情緒及行為之影響,並以焦慮作為中介變項、離職傾向為依變項、知覺主管支持作為干擾變項。在職場中,當個體績效較好或擁有他人所渴望之特質或物品時,會成為他人妒羨之目標,並引起妒羨,而當個體感受到來自他人的妒羨時,會擔心自己他人對自己產生敵意、或與同事產生人際衝突,進而產生焦慮之感受,並提升其離職傾向。然而,許多遭受妒羨之人均為在組織中績效表現較優異的員工,若其因遭受妒羨進而離開組織,無異為組織重大的損失,故本研究進而加入主管支持作為干擾變項,分析其是否能有效減緩個體在遭遇妒羨後所產生之焦慮及離職傾向。本研究以問卷調查的方式,以目前在職的員工做為研究對象,共蒐集246名樣本,經彙整之後進行統計分析。並獲得以下結論: 一、當員工知覺他人妒羨程度越高時,其所感受到之焦慮程度亦越高。 二、當員工焦慮程度越高時,會提高離職的意圖。 三、焦慮有顯著中介效果。當員工知覺他人妒羨程度高時,其所感受之焦慮程度較高,進而提高離職傾向。 四、知覺主管支持會增強知覺他人妒羨與焦慮、焦慮與離職傾向之關係。 五、當主管介入給予支持時,不僅無法降低員工之焦慮及離職傾向,反而會增強員工在知覺他人妒羨後之焦慮情緒,並進而提升離職傾向。 |
Abstract |
This research investigates the influence of feeling envied on employees’ emotion and behavior, using anxiety as mediator and perceived supervisor as moderator. In the workplace, when someone has high performance or own something that others want. Then he or she will turn into the target of envy. After aware of feeling envied, the person will feel anxiety due to afraid of other’s hostility and interpersonal conflict and further increase turnover intention. The research is based on 246 surveys of full-time employees. Below are the results: 1.Feeling envied can positively predict anxiety. 2.Anxiety can positively predict turnover intention. 3.Anxiety has significant mediation effect on the relationship between feeling envied and turnover. 4.Perceived supervisor support has positive effect on the relationship between “feeling envied—anxiety” and “anxiety—turnover intention”. 5.When the supervisor gives support to the envied target, it will enhance the anxiety after feeling envied and further increase turnover intention. |
目次 Table of Contents |
論文審定書........................................................................................................................i 誌謝...................................................................................................................................ii 摘要..................................................................................................................................ⅲ Abstract.............................................................................................................................iv 目錄...................................................................................................................................ⅴ 圖目錄..............................................................................................................................ⅵ 表目錄.............................................................................................................................ⅶ 第一章 緒論.....................................................................................................................1 第一節 研究背景與動機.........................................................................................1 第二節 研究目的.....................................................................................................5 第三節 研究流程.....................................................................................................5 第二章 文獻探討.............................................................................................................7 第一節 妒羨.............................................................................................................7 第二節 焦慮...........................................................................................................15 第三節 離職傾向...................................................................................................18 第四節 知覺主管支持...........................................................................................22 第五節 各變項之關聯性.......................................................................................24 第三章 研究設計與方法...............................................................................................29 第一節 研究架構...................................................................................................29 第二節 研究對象與施測程序...............................................................................29 第三節 研究工具與操作型定義...........................................................................30 第四節 統計分析方法...........................................................................................34 第四章 研究結果與討論...............................................................................................35 第一節 描述性統計...............................................................................................35 第二節 相關性分析...............................................................................................38 第三節 知覺他人妒羨之影響與焦慮之中介效果...............................................40 第四節 知覺主管支持之干擾效果.......................................................................42 第五章 研究結論與建議...............................................................................................46 第一節 研究結論...................................................................................................46 第二節 管理實務之建議.......................................................................................51 第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議.......................................................................52 參考文獻.........................................................................................................................53 附錄.................................................................................................................................70 |
參考文獻 References |
Abelson, M. A. (1987). Examination of avoidable and unavoidable turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 72(3), 382. Admi, H., & Eilon-Moshe, Y. (2016). Do hospital shift charge nurses from different cultures experience similar stress? An international cross sectional study. International journal of nursing studies, 63, 48-57. Andiappan, M., & Dufour, L. (2020). Jealousy at work: A tripartite model. Academy of Management Review, 45(1), 205-229. Arora, V., & Kamalanabhan, T. (2013). Linking supervisor and coworker support to employee innovative behavior at work: Role of psychological conditions. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the academic and business research Institute International Conference, New Orleans. Barak, M. E. M., Levin, A., Nissly, J. A., & Lane, C. J. (2006). Why do they leave? Modeling child welfare workers' turnover intentions. Children Youth Services Review, 28(5), 548-577. Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic: Guilford press. Beehr, T. A., Bowling, N. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2010). Occupational stress and failures of social support: when helping hurts. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(1), 45. Beehr, T. A., & McGrath, J. E. (1992). Social support, occupational stress and anxiety. Anxiety, stress, coping, 5(1), 7-19. Bernardin, H. J. (1977). The relationship of personality variables to organizational withdrawal. Personnel Psychology, 30(1), 17-27. Bhanthumnavin, D. (2003). Perceived social support from supervisor and group members' psychological and situational characteristics as predictors of subordinate performance in Thai work units. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(1), 79-97. Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life: Routledge. Bliese, P. D., & Castro, C. A. (2000). Role clarity, work overload and organizational support: Multilevel evidence of the importance of support. Work Stress, 14(1), 65-73. Bourne, E. J. (2011). The anxiety and phobia workbook: New Harbinger Publications. Brickman, P., & Bulman, R. J. (1977). Pleasure and pain in social comparison. In Social comparison processes: Theoretical empirical perspectives (Vol. 149, pp. 186). Washington, DC: Hemisphere. Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of personality social psychology, 82(1), 102. Byrne, Z. S. (2005). Fairness reduces the negative effects of organizational politics on turnover intentions, citizenship behavior and job performance. Journal of Business Psychology, 20(2), 175-200. Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., & Iskin, I. (2011). Factors affecting intention to quit among IT professionals in Turkey. Personnel Review. Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Harrison, R. Y., & Pinneau, S. R. (1980). Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences. Ann Arbor: MI: Institute for Social Research. Caplan, R. D., & Jones, K. W. (1975). Effects of work load, role ambiguity, and type A personality on anxiety, depression, and heart rate. Journal of applied psychology, 60(6), 713. Carsten, J. M., & Spector, P. E. (1987). Unemployment, job satisfaction, and employee turnover: A meta-analytic test of the Muchinsky model. Journal of applied psychology, 72(3), 374. Chang, Wang, Y. S., & Huang, T. C. (2013). Work design–related antecedents of turnover intention: A multilevel approach. Human Resource Management, 52(1), 1-26. Chang, J. Y., Choi, J. N., & Kim, M. U. (2008). Turnover of highly educated R&D professionals: The role of pre‐entry cognitive style, work values and career orientation. Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology, 81(2), 299-317. Choi, Y. G., Kim, D. W., & Park, K. C. (2012). The Effects on Job Insecurity to the Job Performance in Railroad Organizations: Mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of the Korean Society for railway, 15(2), 199-204. Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic medicine. Cohen-Charash, Y., & Mueller, J. S. (2007). Does perceived unfairness exacerbate or mitigate interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors related to envy? Journal of applied psychology, 92(3), 666. Cohen‐Charash, Y. (2009). Episodic envy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(9), 2128-2173. Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 310. Dalton, D. R., Krackhardt, D. M., & Porter, L. W. (1981). Functional turnover: An empirical assessment. Journal of applied psychology, 66(6), 716. Deelstra, J. T., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., Stroebe, W., Zijlstra, F. R., & van Doornen, L. P. (2003). Receiving instrumental support at work: when help is not welcome. Journal of applied psychology, 88(2), 324. Derogatis, L. R., Rickels, K., & Rock, A. F. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 128(3), 280-289. DeTienne, K. B., Agle, B. R., Phillips, J. C., & Ingerson, M.-C. (2012). The impact of moral stress compared to other stressors on employee fatigue, job satisfaction, and turnover: An empirical investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(3), 377-391. Dickinson, N. S., & Perry, R. E. (2002). Factors influencing the retention of specially educated public child welfare workers. Journal of Health Social Policy, 15(3-4), 89-103. Dogan, K., & Vecchio, R. P. J. C. (2001). Managing envy and jealousy in the workplace. 33(2), 57-64. Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., & Aquino, K. (2012). A social context model of envy and social undermining. Academy of Management journal, 55(3), 643-666. Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2000). The Salieri syndrome: Consequences of envy in groups. Small group research, 31(1), 3-23. Duffy, M. K., Shaw, J. D., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2008). Envy in organizational life. In Envy: Theory research (Vol. 2, pp. 167-189). New York, NY: Oxford Press. Dunn, J. R., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2004). Too good to be trusted? Relative performance, envy, and trust. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings. Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of applied psychology, 87(3), 565. Elster, J. (1991). Envy in social life: Strategy and Choice. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. Ensel, W. M. (1986). Sex, marital status, and depression: The role of life events and social support. In A. D. N. Lin, & W. Ensel (Ed.), Social support, life events, and depression (pp. 231-247). Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc. Exline, J. J., & Geyer. (2003). Who’s afraid of being envied? Trait and demographic correlates of STTUC discomfort. Paper presented at the Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Los Angeles, CA. Exline, J. J., & Lobel, M. (1999). The perils of outperformance: Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison. Psychological bulletin, 125(3), 307. Exline, J. J., & Lobel, M. (2001). Private gain, social strain: Do relationship factors shape responses to outperformance? European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(5), 593-607. Exline, J. J., & Zell, A. L. (2012). Who doesn't want to be envied? Personality correlates of emotional responses to outperformance scenarios. Basic Applied Social Psychology, 34(3), 236-253. Exline, J. J., Zell, A. L., & Lobel, M. (2013). Sidestepping awkward encounters: Avoidance as a response to outperformance‐related discomfort. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(4), 706-720. Fang, Y. (2001). Turnover propensity and its causes among Singapore nurses: an empirical study. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(5), 859-871. Festinger, L. J. H. r. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. 7(2), 117-140. Foster, G. M. (1972). The anatomy of envy: A study in symbolic behavior. Current anthropology, 13(2), 165-202. Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2010). Robin Hood under the hood: Wealth-based discrimination in illicit customer help. Organization Science, 21(6), 1176-1194. Gooty, J., Gavin, M., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2009). Emotions research in OB: The challenges that lie ahead. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational Organizational Psychology Behavior, 30(6), 833-838. Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of management, 26(3), 463-488. Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M. G., & West, M. A. (2001). Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 537-550. Haines, J., Williams, C. L., & Carson, J. M. (2002). Workplace phobia: psychological and psychophysiological mechanisms. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(3), 129-145. Halbesleben, J. R. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of applied psychology, 91(5), 1134. Hart, S. L., & Legerstee, M. (2013). Handbook of jealousy: Theory, research, and multidisciplinary approaches: John Wiley & Sons. Harvey, P., Stoner, J., Hochwarter, W., & Kacmar, C. (2007). Coping with abusive supervision: The neutralizing effects of ingratiation and positive affect on negative employee outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 264-280. Haslam, C., Atkinson, S., Brown, S., & Haslam, R. (2005). Anxiety and depression in the workplace: effects on the individual and organisation (a focus group investigation). Journal of affective disorders, 88(2), 209-215. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach: Guilford publications. Henagan, S. C. (2010). The perils of workplace recognition: Antecedents to discomfort associated with being the target of upward comparisons. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(1), 57-68. Henniger, N. E., & Harris, C.R. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation: The case of envy. Paper presented at the International Society for Research on Emotion, Berkeley. Hetidrix, W. H., Robbins, T., Miller, J., & Summers, T. P. (1998). Effects of Procedural and Distributive Justice on Factors Predictive of turnover. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(4), 611-632. Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513. Hobson, J., & Beach, J. (2000). An investigation of the relationship between psychological health and workload among managers. Occupational Medicine, 50(7), 518-522. Houkes, I., Janssen, P. P., de Jonge, J., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention: A multisample longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology, 76(4), 427-450. House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support: Reading MA: Addinson-Wesley. House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241(4865), 540-545. House, R. J., & Rizzo, J. R. (1972). Role conflict and ambiguity as critical variables in a model of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior human performance, 7(3), 467-505. Huang, Q., Tao, X., & Jiang, C. (2018). The Impact of Being Envied on Work Engagement: A Test of the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Paper presented at the 2018 2nd International Conference on Education Innovation and Social Science (ICEISS 2018). Huebner, E. S. (1994). Relationships among demographics, social support, job satisfaction and burnout among school psychologists. School Psychology International, 15(2), 181-186. Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: a meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of applied psychology, 92(5), 1332. Husain, W., Gulzar, A., Aqeel, M., & Rana, A.-u.-R. (2016). The mediating role of depression, anxiety and stress between job strain and turnover intentions among male and female teachers. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1). Ito, J. K., & Brotheridge, C. M. (2005). Does supporting employees' career adaptability lead to commitment, turnover, or both? Human Resource Management, 44(1), 5-19. Jensen, J. M., Patel, P. C., & Messersmith, J. G. (2013). High-performance work systems and job control: Consequences for anxiety, role overload, and turnover intentions. Journal of management, 39(6), 1699-1724. Johnson, L., Lundström, O., Åberg‐Wistedt, A., & Mathé, A. A. (2003). Social support in bipolar disorder: its relevance to remission and relapse. Bipolar Disorders, 5(2), 129-137. Jones, D. A., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2003). The Relationship Between Perceptions of Fairness and Voluntary Turnover Among Retail Employees 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 1226-1243. Kalliath, T. J., & Beck, A. (2001). Is the path to burnout and turnover paved by a lack of supervisory support? A structural equations test. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 30(2), 72. Keable, D. (1997). The management of anxiety: A guide for therapists: Elsevier Health Sciences. Kendall, P. C., & Watson, D. E. (1989). Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features: Academic Press. Kickul, J., & Posig, M. (2001). Supervisory emotional support and burnout: An explanation of reverse buffering effects. Journal of Managerial Issues, 328-344. Kim, E., & Glomb, T. M. (2014). Victimization of high performers: The roles of envy and work group identification. Journal of applied psychology, 99(4), 619. Kirmeyer, S. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1988). Work load, tension, and coping: Moderating effects of supervisor support. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 125-139. KiYoung, L., Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., & Schippers, M. C. (2018). The experience of being envied at work: How being envied shapes employee feelings and motivation. Personnel Psychology, 71(2), 181-200. Kottke, J. L., & Sharafinski, C. E. (1988). Measuring perceived supervisory and organizational support. Educational psychological Measurement, 48(4), 1075-1079. Kristof‐Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). .Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342. Lacity, M. C., Iyer, V. V., & Rudramuniyaiah, P. S. (2008). Turnover intentions of Indian IS professionals. Information Systems Frontiers on Outsourcing, 10(2), 225-241. Laposa, J. M., Alden, L. E., & Fullerton, L. M. (2003). Work stress and posttraumatic stress disorder in ED nurses/personnel (CE). Journal of emergency nursing, 29(1), 23-28. Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44(1), 1-22. Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management journal, 47(5), 711-722. LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: a critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 52. Lewis, A. (1970). The ambiguous word" anxiety". International journal of psychiatry, 9, 62-79. Linden, M., & Muschalla, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders and workplace-related anxieties. Journal of anxiety disorders, 21(3), 467-474. Lutgen-Sandvik, P., Hood, J. N., & Jacobson, R. P. (2016). The impact of positive organizational phenomena and workplace bullying on individual outcomes. Journal of Managerial Issues, 30-49. Mahan, P. L., Mahan, M. P., Park, N.-J., Shelton, C., Brown, K. C., & Weaver, M. T. (2010). Work environment stressors, social support, anxiety, and depression among secondary school teachers. Aaohn Journal, 58(5), 197-205. Mahfooz, Z., Arshad, A., Nisar, Q. A., Ikram, M., & Azeem, M. (2017). Does workplace incivility & workplace ostracism influence the employees’ turnover intentions? Mediating role of burnout and job stress & moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Academic Research in Business Social Sciences, 7(8), 398-413. Mao, Y., He, J., & Yang, D. (2020). The dark sides of engaging in creative processes: Coworker envy, workplace ostracism, and incivility. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1-21. Masterson, S. S. (2001). A trickle-down model of organizational justice: relating employees' and customers' perceptions of and reactions to fairness. Journal of applied psychology, 86(4), 594. McKee, G. H., Markham, S. E., & Scott, K. D. (1992). Job stress and employee withdrawal from work. Michaels, C. E., & Spector, P. E. (1982). Causes of employee turnover: A test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino model. Journal of applied psychology, 67(1), 53. Miller, H. E., Katerberg, R., & Hulin, C. L. (1979). Evaluation of the Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth model of employee turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 64(5), 509. Mishra, P. (2009). Green-eyed Monsters in the Workplace: Antecedents and Consequences of Envy. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings. Mobley, W. H. (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 62(2), 237. Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., & Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 63(4), 408. Mor Barak, M. E., Nissly, J. A., & Levin, A. (2001). Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research? A review and metanalysis. Social service review, 75(4), 625-661. Mouly, V. S., & Sankaran, J. K. (2002). The enactment of envy within organizations: Insights from a New Zealand academic department. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 38(1), 36-56. Muliawan, A. D., Green, P. F., & Robb, D. A. (2009). The turnover intentions of information systems auditors. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 10(3), 117-136. Muschalla, B., Linden, M., & Olbrich, D. (2010). The relationship between job-anxiety and trait-anxiety—A differential diagnostic investigation with the Job-Anxiety-Scale and the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory. Journal of anxiety disorders, 24(3), 366-371. Ng, T. W., & Sorensen, K. L. (2008). Toward a further understanding of the relationships between perceptions of support and work attitudes: A meta-analysis. Group Organization Management, 33(3), 243-268. Nissly, J. A., Barak, M. E. M., & Levin, A. (2005). Stress, social support, and workers' intentions to leave their jobs in public child welfare. Administration in Social Work, 29(1), 79-100. Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management journal, 39(3), 607-634. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1990). The cognitive structure of emotions: Cambridge university press. Parrott, W. G. (1991). Experiences of envy and jealousy. In The psychology of jealousy an envy (pp. 3-30). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Parrott, W. G., & Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M. (2008). On the pleasures and displeasures of being envied. In Envy: Theory and research: Oxford University Press. Parrott, W. G., & Smith, R. H. (1993). Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. Journal of personality, 64(6), 906. Pearson, C. M., & Porath, C. L. (2005). On the nature, consequences and remedies of workplace incivility: No time for “nice”? Think again. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 7-18. Peterson, J. S., & Ray, K. E. (2006). Bullying among the gifted: The subjective experience. Gifted Child Quarterly, 50(3), 252-269. Petriglieri, J. L. (2011). Under threat: Responses to and the consequences of threats to individuals' identities. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 641-662. Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological bulletin, 80(2), 151. Price, J. L. (1977). The study of turnover: The Iowa State University Press. Puranik, H., Koopman, J., Vough, H. C., & Gamache, D. L. (2019). They want what I’ve got (I think): The causes and consequences of attributing coworker behavior to envy. Academy of Management Review, 44(2), 424-449. Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698. Rice, A., Hill, J., & Trist, E. (1950). The representation of labour turnover as a social process: Studies in the social development of an industrial community (the Glacier Project)-II. Human Relations, 3(4), 349-372. Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., Parrott, W. G., & Hurtado de Mendoza, A. (2010). I fear your envy, I rejoice in your coveting: On the ambivalent experience of being envied by others. Journal of personality social psychology, 99(5), 842. Russell, B. (2015). The conquest of happiness: Routledge. Salovey, P., & Rodin, J. (1984). Some antecedents and consequences of social-comparison jealousy. Journal of personality social psychology, 47(4), 780. Salovey, P., & Rodin, J. (1989). Envy and jealousy in close relationships. Schaubroeck, J., & Lam, S. S. (2004). Comparing lots before and after: Promotion rejectees' invidious reactions to promotees. Organizational Behavior Human Decision Processes, 94(1), 33-47. Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model. Psychological bulletin, 92(3), 641. Schreurs, B. H., Hetty van Emmerik, I., Günter, H., & Germeys, F. (2012). A weekly diary study on the buffering role of social support in the relationship between job insecurity and employee performance. Human Resource Management, 51(2), 259-279. Scott, K. L., Tams, S., Schippers, M. C., & Lee, K. (2015). Opening the black box: Why and when workplace exclusion affects social reconnection behaviour, health, and attitudes. European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 24(2), 239-255. Seers, A., McGee, G. W., Serey, T. T., & Graen, G. B. (1983). The interaction of job stress and social support: A strong inference investigation. Academy of Management journal, 26(2), 273-284. Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates' perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of applied psychology, 91(3), 689. Shaw, J. D., Duffy, M. K., Johnson, J. L., & Lockhart, D. E. (2005). Turnover, social capital losses, and performance. Academy of Management journal, 48(4), 594-606. Sheridan, J. E. (1992). Organizational culture and employee retention. Academy of Management journal, 35(5), 1036-1056. Smith, B. D. (2005). Job retention in child welfare: Effects of perceived organizational support, supervisor support, and intrinsic job value. Children Youth Services Review, 27(2), 153-169. Smith, R. H. (2000). Assimilative and contrastive emotional reactions to upward and downward social comparisons. In Handbook of social comparison (pp. 173-200): Springer. Smith, R. H., & Kim, S. H. (2007). Comprehending envy. Psychological bulletin, 133(1), 46. Smith, R. H., Merlone, U., & Duffy, M. K. (2016). Envy at Work and in Organizations: Oxford University Press. Smith, R. H., Parrott, W. G., Diener, E. F., Hoyle, R. H., & Kim, S. H. (1999). Dispositional envy. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 1007-1020. Sowmya, K., & Panchanatham, N. (2014). Job anxiety as an outcome of organizational politics in banking sector-Chennai. International Journal of Management Innovation, 6(2), 14. Spielberger, C., Gorsuch, R., Lushene, R., Vagg, P., & Jacobs, G. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety scale. Consulting Psychologists. Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and research on anxiety. In Anxiety behavior (Vol. 1). Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Anxiety as an emotional state. In Anxiety:Current trends theory in Research (pp. 3-20). New York: Academic Press. Swanberg, J. E., McKechnie, S. P., Ojha, M. U., & James, J. B. (2011). Schedule control, supervisor support and work engagement: A winning combination for workers in hourly jobs? Journal of vocational behavior, 79(3), 613-624. Tai, K., Narayanan, J., & McAllister, D. J. (2012). Envy as pain: Rethinking the nature of envy and its implications for employees and organizations. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 107-129. Tesser, A. (1985). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of health social behavior, 35, 53-79. Thompson, G., Glasø, L., & Martinsen, Ø. J. T. J. o. s. p. (2016). Antecedents and consequences of envy. 156(2), 139-153. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. Turnipseed, D. L. (1998). Anxiety and burnout in the health care work environment. Psychological Reports, 82(2), 627-642. Uhlmann, E. L., & Cohen, G. L. (2007). “I think it, therefore it’s true”: Effects of self-perceived objectivity on hiring discrimination. Organizational Behavior Human Decision Processes, 104(2), 207-223. van de Ven, N., Hoogland, C. E., Smith, R. H., Van Dijk, W. W., Breugelmans, S. M., & Zeelenberg, M. (2015). When envy leads to schadenfreude. Cognition Emotion, 29(6), 1007-1025. Vanderpool, C., & Way, S. A. (2013). Investigating work–family balance, job anxiety, and turnover intentions as predictors of health care and senior services customer-contact employee voluntary turnover. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 149-160. Vecchio, R. P. (2000). Negative emotion in the workplace: Employee jealousy and envy. International Journal of Stress Management, 7(3), 161-179. Vecchio, R. P. (2005). Explorations in employee envy: Feeling envious and feeling envied. Cognition Emotion, 19(1), 69-81. Vecchio, R. P. (2007). It's not easy being green: Jealousy and envy in the workplace. In R. P. Vecchio (Ed.), Leadership: Understanding the dynamics of power and influence in organizations (pp. 563-582): University of Notre Dame Press. Wachs, J. E., & Helge, D. (2001). Turning workplace anger and anxiety into peak performance: Strategies for enhancing employee health and productivity. Aaohn Journal, 49(8), 399-408. Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory. Journal of personality social psychology, 82(5), 819. Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of consulting clinical psychology, 33(4), 448. Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management journal, 40(1), 82-111. Yu, L., & Duffy, M. (2016). A social-contextual view of envy in organizations: From both enviers and envied perspectives. In Envy at work in organizations (pp. 39-56): Oxford University Press. Zapf, D., Knorz, C., & Kulla, M. (1996). On the relationship between mobbing factors, and job content, social work environment, and health outcomes. European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 215-237. |
電子全文 Fulltext |
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。 論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define 開放時間 Available: 校內 Campus: 已公開 available 校外 Off-campus:開放下載的時間 available 2025-06-24 您的 IP(校外) 位址是 3.149.230.13 現在時間是 2024-09-01 論文校外開放下載的時間是 2025-06-24 Your IP address is 3.149.230.13 The current date is 2024-09-01 This thesis will be available to you on 2025-06-24. |
紙本論文 Printed copies |
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。 開放時間 available 已公開 available |
QR Code |