相手蟹科在世界共有32屬，合計超過250種，是方蟹總科的最大類群。本研究檢討臺灣的相手蟹之分類，主要的分類處理為: (1)將印度-西太平洋的「Leptarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869)」分為九個種，包含兩個台灣的新種以及另五個印度-太平洋的新種、一個印尼的復活種。另再命名一個台灣的新種與一種台灣新紀錄種；(2)在 Parasesarma下命名台灣的三個新種並確認一個台灣新紀錄種；(3)將台灣與亞洲的「Sesarmops impressus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)」重新命名為一新種，並再命名另一種Sesarmops以及一個同屬的台灣新紀錄種；(4) 將菲律賓的Bresedium philippinense (Rathbun, 1914)列為Br. brevipes (De Man, 1889)的異名，並命名一個台灣的新種Bresedium；(5) 在Clistocoeloma下確認兩種台灣新紀錄以及一個命名中的新種。此外，另再確認一個台灣新紀錄屬/種Karstama boholano (Ng, 2002)。綜合以上，再加上其他文獻的紀載，臺灣的相手蟹類一共被確認為20屬53種。這些種類之中，以偏好泥質底質的物種最多，亦發現共域棲息的樹棲物種——Le. kui (Li Rahayu and Li, 2018)與Le. macaco (Li Rahayu and Li, 2018)——有微環境的偏好。本研究也針對Neosarmatium rotundifrons (A. Milne-Edwards 1868)、Le. kui、Le. macaco、Tiomanium indicum (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) 、Geosesarma hednon Ng, Liu and Schubart, 2004與 Scandarma lintou Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003進行生殖生態調查，首次記錄這些物種的生殖季以及釋放幼體的行為特性。本研究梳理也根據以上特性以及地理分布評估「重要性指數」，供作主管機關作為環境影響評估、生態檢核實務工作甚至評定法定保育類野生動物之依據。

There are over 250 species of sesarmid crabs belonging to 32 genera worldwide, which makes them the largest group in the Grapsoidea. This study aims to review the taxonomy of sesarmid crabs in Taiwan. The main taxonomic acts are as follows: (1) The Indian-Pacific "Le. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869)" is now classified into nine valid species, included two new species from Taiwan, five new species from the Indian-Pacific, and one re-instead species from Indonesia. Additionally, one new species and one newly recorded species are discovered in Taiwan. (2) Three new species in Parasesarma are named in Taiwan, and one newly recorded species is confirmed. (3) The "Sesarmops impressus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)" from Taiwan and Asia is renamed as a new species from Taiwan, and another new species and one newly recorded species in Sesarmops from Taiwan is named and confirmed. (4) The Philippine "Br. philippinense (Rathbun, 1914)" is now recognized as a synonym of Br. brevipes (De Man, 1889), and a new species from Taiwan is named. (5) Two newly recorded species in Clistocoeloma and one congeners new species are confirmed in Taiwan. (6) One newly recorded genus/species, Karstama, from Taiwan is confirmed.
Overall, this study, in combination with previous literature, confirms 53 species from 20 genera of sesarmid crabs in Taiwan. Among these species, those that prefer muddy substrates are the most abundant, and it was also found that the co-occurring arboreal species, Le. kui (Li Rahayu and Li, 2018) and Le. macaco (Li Rahayu and Li, 2018), have microhabitat preferences. Breeding ecology investigations were conducted on Neosarmatium rotundifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868), Le. kui, Le. macaco, Tiomanium indicum (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), Geosesarma hednon Ng, Liu and Schubart, 2004, and Scandarma lintou Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003, and the breeding season and behavioral characteristics of releasing larvae were recorded for the first time for these species. The present study also evaluated the "importance index" based on the aforementioned characteristics and geographic distribution, which could serve as a reference for environmental management authorities when conducting environmental impact assessments, ecological evaluations, and assessments of legally protected wildlife.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 iii
摘要 v
ABSTRACT vi
一、前言 1
(一)分類部分 1
(二)生態部分 9
1.棲息環境 10
2.生殖生態 11
二、材料與方法 13
(一)分類部分 13
(二)生態部分 15
三、結果 17
(一)分類部分 17
■針肢蟹屬 Bresedium Serène and Soh, 1970 21
短足針肢蟹 Bresedium brevipes (De Man, 1889) 21
寬腹針肢蟹 Bresedium eurypleon Li, Shih and Ng, 2020 26
■螳臂蟹屬 Chiromantes Gistel, 1848 28
紅螯螳臂蟹 Chiromantes haematocheir (De Haan, 1833) 30
■圓鬚蟹屬 Circulium Naruse and Ng, 2020 32
攀爬圓鬚蟹 Circulium scandens (Ng and Liu, 2003) 33
■泥毛蟹屬 Clistocoeloma A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 36
巴朗沙泥毛蟹 Clistocoeloma balansae A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 37
中華泥毛蟹 Clistocoeloma sinenses Shen, 1933 40
未命名泥毛蟹 Clistocoeloma sp. 42
柔毛泥毛蟹 Clistocoeloma villosum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) 44
■達氏蟹屬 Danarma Schubart and Ng, 2020 47
寬足達氏蟹 Danarma eurymerus (Davie and Ng, 2013) 47
細足達氏蟹 Danarma leptomerus (Davie and Ng, 2013) 49
■表相手蟹屬 Episesarma De Man, 1895 52
拉氏表相手蟹 Episesarma lafondii (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1846) 53
■陸相手蟹屬 Geosesarma De Man, 1892 56
紅指陸相手蟹 Geosesarma hednon Ng, Liu and Schubart, 2003 57
奇異陸相手蟹 Geosesarma mirum Shy and Ng, 2019 59
■灰岩蟹屬 Karstama Davie and Ng, 2007 60
保合島灰岩蟹 Karstama boholano (Ng, 2002) 61
■瘦相手蟹屬 Leptarma Shahdadi, Fratini and Schubart, 2020 63
金額瘦相手蟹 Leptarma aurifrons (Li, Shih and Ng, 2019) 65
柏氏瘦相手蟹 Leptarma bertrandi Shahdadi and Mendoza, 2023 67
古氏瘦相手蟹 Leptarma kui (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 70
霍氏瘦相手蟹 Leptarma liho (Koller Liu and Schubart, 2010) 71
老猴瘦相手蟹 Leptarma macaco (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 74
■岩相手蟹屬 Lithoselatium Schubart, Liu and Ng, 2009 76
美麗岩相手蟹 Lithoselatium pulchrum Schubart, Liu and Ng, 2009 76
■後相手蟹屬 Metasesarma H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 78
奧氏後相手蟹 Metasesarma aubryi (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) 79
肥胖後相手蟹 Metasesarma obesum (Dana, 1851) 81
■小相手蟹屬 Nanosesarma Tweedie, 1950 84
安德遜小相手蟹 Nanosesarma andersonii (De Man, 1887) 85
小型小相手蟹 Nanosesarma minutum De Man, 1887 87
毛線小相手蟹 Nanosesarma vestitum (Stimpson, 1858) 90
■新脹蟹屬 Neosarmatium Serène and Soh, 1970 92
亞洲新脹蟹 Neosarmatium asiaticum Ragionieri, Fratini and Schubart, 2012 94
福氏新脹蟹 Neosarmatium fourmanoiri Serène, 1973 96
印度新脹蟹 Neosarmatium indicum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) 98
光滑新脹蟹 Neosarmatium laeve (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) 101
細點新脹蟹 Neosarmatium punctatum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) 103
圓額新脹蟹 Neosarmatium rotundifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) 105
斯氏新脹蟹 Neosarmatium smithi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) 107
■東方蟹屬 Orisarma Schubart and Ng, 2020 109
漢氏東方蟹 Orisarma dehaani (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) 110
中型東方蟹 Orisarma intermedium (De Haan, 1835) 113
■擬相手蟹屬 Parasesarma De Man, 1895 115
近親擬相手蟹 Parasesarma affine (De Haan, 1837) 118
珊瑚擬相手蟹 Parasesarma corallicum Ng, Davie and Li, 2016 120
杜馬卡擬相手蟹 Parasesarma dumacense (Rathbun, 1914) 122
鑽斑擬相手蟹 Parasesarma gemmatum Li, Shih and Ng, 2019 123
庫氏擬相手蟹 Parasesarma kuekenthali (De Man, 1902) 125
鱗紋擬相手蟹 Parasesarma lepidum (Tweedie, 1950) 127
斑點擬相手蟹 Parasesarma pictum (De Haan, 1835) 129
血螯擬相手蟹 Parasesarma sanguimanus Li, Shih and Ng, 2019 132
未命名擬相手蟹之一 Parasesarma sp.1 134
未命名擬相手蟹之二 Parasesarma sp. 2 136
三櫛擬相手蟹 Parasesarma tripectinis (Shen, 1940) 138
細爪擬相手蟹 Parasesarma ungulatum (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) 140
■攀相手蟹屬 Scandarma Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 143
林投攀相手蟹 Scandarma lintou Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 143
■仿相手蟹屬 Sesarmops Serène and Soh, 1970 146
帝王仿相手蟹 Sesarmops imperator Ng, Li and Shih, 2020 147
民答那峨仿相手蟹 Sesarmops mindanaoensis (Rathbun, 1914) 151
延遲仿相手蟹 Sesarmops mora Li, Shih and Ng, 2020 153
■忍者蟹屬 Shinobium Naruse and Ng, 2020 155
梯形忍者蟹 Shinobium trapezoideum (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) 156
■刮相手蟹屬 Stelgistra Ng and Liu, 1999 158
斯氏刮相手蟹 Stelgistra stormi (De Man, 1895) 158
■刁曼蟹屬 Tiomanium Serène and Soh, 1970 161
印度刁曼蟹Tiomanum indicum (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) 161
(二)生態部分 164
1. 棲息環境 164
2. 生殖生態 165
四、綜合討論 169
(一)形態 169
(二)生態 170
1. 棲息環境 170
2. 陸棲程度 171
3. 生殖生態 172
(三)地理分佈 176
五、未來展望 179
(一)生態行為與族群動態研究 179
(二)物種重要性指數評估 179
參考文獻 181
附表 211
附圖 245
附件一 本研究使用之屬/亞屬名縮寫 309
附件二 本研究使用之形態特徵矩陣 313
附件三 本研究之發表: LI ET AL. (2019A) 325
附件四 本研究之發表: NG ET AL. (2016) 337
附件五 本研究之發表: LI ET AL. (2018) 351
附件六 本研究之發表: LI ET AL. (2019B) 393
附件七 本研究之發表: LI ET AL. (2019C) 419
附件八 本研究發表中之CLISTOCOELOMA SP. 445
附件九 本研究之發表: LI ET AL. (2020) 449
附件十 本研究之發表: NG ET AL. (2020) 483
附件十一 本研究描述之國外種 525
壁虎瘦相手蟹 Leptarma gecko (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 527
細足瘦相手蟹 Leptarma gracilipes (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 528
細身瘦相手蟹 Leptarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869) 530
藍碧瘦相手蟹 Leptarma limbense (Rathbun, 1914) 532
幼態瘦相手蟹 Leptarma parvulum (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 534
紫瘦相手蟹 Leptarma purpureum (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 535
大蘭多瘦相手蟹 Leptarma tarantula (Li, Rahayu and Ng, 2018) 536
加羅林擬相手蟹 Parasesarma carolinense (Rathbun, 1907) 538
細粒擬相手蟹 Parasesarma sigillatum (Tweedie, 1950) 539
紅黑仿相手蟹 Sesarmops atrorubens (Hess,1865) 541
印度仿相手蟹 Sesarmops indicus Ng, Shih and Li, 2020 543
相似仿相手蟹 Sesarmops similis (Hess, 1865) 544
附件十二 本研究使用之台灣相手蟹類重要性指數評分方法 547

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