近年來，由於鋰電池的快速發展，許多以電池系統為動力之無人水下載具得以商業化，並且讓更多公司與研究機構對海洋進行更深入的研究。為了提高水下載具之性能與操作時間，因此本論文針對電池系統之直流降壓轉換器進行設計與分析。
本論文第一部份提出一具低交互調節率的自適應偽連續導通模式之單電感雙輸出直流降壓轉換器，其架構採用分時多工控制，並使用偽連續導通模式，使電路能夠輸出較大的負載電流，並藉由一模式控制電路以降低交互調節率。本設計輸入範圍為10.8 V 至12 V，輸出電壓為3.3 V 與5 V，在負載電流為500 mA 與500 mA 時效率為82.6%，並使用TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS HV 製程完成下線與量測，量測結果為輸出無法穩定於電壓為3.3 V 與5 V。
本論文第二部分提出一具寬輸入範圍之60 V 高壓單電感雙輸出直流降壓轉換器，其架構採用分時多工控制，並採用連續導通模式，電路效率得以提升。由於60 V 高壓MOS 之VGS 僅有5 V 耐壓。因此，本設計須克服此一製程限制。藉由一電容耦合位準提升器將0 V 至5 V 電壓提升至55 V 至60 V，以驅動60 V 的P型功率電晶體。本設計輸入範圍為48 V 至60 V，輸出電壓為5 V 與12 V，在負載電流為500 mA 與500 mA 時效率為70.15%，本設計目標應用於電動車上之電源管理系統，並使用馬來西亞SilTerra 公司之0.18 μm 60 V BCD 製程完成模擬。

Recently, due to the rapid development of Li-ion battery technologies, many autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) which are powered by battery-based systems have been commercialized. Many companies and research institutes then are able to explore new territories in deep ocean thanks to these AUVs. To improve the efficiency and extend operation time of AUVs powered by batteries, this thesis proposes new DC-DC buck converters which are on of basic circuits of the battery systems.

The first part of this thesis demonstrates a single inductor dual output (SIDO) buck converter with low cross regulation using adaptive pseudo continuous conduction mode (PCCM) control. The proposed converter mainly uses the PCCM and time multiplexing approach, which are able to generate a large load current, and reduce cross regulation. The input range of the proposed converter design is 10.8 V to 12 V, the output voltage is 3.3 V to 5 V, and the efficiency is 82.6% given 500 mA load current. The converter is implemented using TSMC 0.18 μm HV CMOS. The measurement on silicon shows that the output can't meet what was expected.

The second part of this thesis is focused on a 60 V SIDO Buck Converter design realized using Malaysia SilTerra 0.18 μm 60 V BCD process. This converter adopts time multiplexing control and continuous conduction mode (CCM) to increase the efficiency. Because VGS of the 60 V HV MOS only has 5 V withstand voltage, this design must overcome this process limitation. A capacitively coupled level shifter (CCLS) is used to boost the voltage from 0 V - 5 V to 55 V - 60 V to drive 60 V power PMOS. The input range is 48 V to 60 V, the output voltage is 5 V to 12 V, and the efficiency is 70.15% given a 500 mA load current. The design goal is applied to the power management system on electric vehicles.

論文審定書. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
論文審定書. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
論文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
圖目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
表目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 概論與研究背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 前言. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 相關文獻與研究探討. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 低壓差線性穩壓器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2 切換式穩壓器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 研究動機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.1 具低交互調節率的自適應偽連續導通模式之單電感雙輸出直
流降壓轉換器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.2 具寬輸入範圍之60 V 高壓單電感雙輸出直流降壓轉換器. . . 10
1.4 論文大綱. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 具低交互調節率的自適應偽連續導通
模式之單電感雙輸出直流降壓轉換器
13
2.1 簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 單電感雙輸出轉換器之分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 具低交互調節率的自適應偽連續導通模式之單電感雙輸出直流降壓
轉換器架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 電路設計之理論分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.1 模式控制. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.2 自適應PCCM 控制電路與PWM 控制電路. . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.3 三角波及時脈產生器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.4 電流感測器1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.5 電流感測器2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.6 緩啟動電路. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.7 位準提升器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 晶片佈局. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.6 電路模擬結果與預計規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6.1 電路模擬結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6.2 晶片預計規格. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.7 晶片量測結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.7.1 量測環境. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.7.2 量測結果與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.8 結果與討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 具寬輸入範圍之60 V 高壓單電感雙
輸出直流降壓轉換器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.1 簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.2 直流降壓轉換器之效率分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2.1 切換損耗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.2 導通損耗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3 具寬輸入範圍之60 V 高壓單電感雙輸出直流降壓轉換器架構. . . . 43
3.4 高壓單電感雙輸出直流降壓轉換器電路設計及分析. . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.1 電容耦合位準提升器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4.2 電流感測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.5 預計規格與電路模擬結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.5.1 電路模擬結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.5.2 預計規格與文獻比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.5.3 結果與討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4 結論與未來研究方向. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.1 研究成果與結論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2 未來研究規劃. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
參考文獻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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