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博碩士論文 etd-0807118-142215 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0807118-142215
論文名稱
Title
電視台女性記者採取「撒嬌」策略與男性消息來源互動之研究
A Use of the "Sajiao" Strategy by Female TV Journalists in Interactions with Male News Sources
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
115
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2018-08-07
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2018-09-07
關鍵字
Keywords
撒嬌、媒介組織、語言、性騷擾、女性記者、女性特質、性別
female journalists, femininity, gender, sajiao, media organization, language, sexual harassment.
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5753 次,被下載 78
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5753 times, has been downloaded 78 times.
中文摘要
本研究探討女性記者在與男性消息來源互動時,如何運用撒嬌方式、展現女性特質作為新聞採訪策略,企圖進一步了解女性特質和新聞專業意理之間的衝突關係。從過往的新聞研究已發現,女性記者並非具有自主性的獨立個體,而是在社會文化與媒介組織的限制下,進行新聞產製工作,但至今仍鮮少有研究由語言互動策略與性別權力關係來探討記者與消息來源之互動關係。研究者本身曾在媒體任職逾十年,也是名資深的女性記者,長年浸淫於田野深入觀察;研究者帶著問題意識回顧自身實務經驗,試圖探究以下研究問題:(一)女性記者在新聞採訪中採用「撒嬌策略」的主要表現形式為何? (二)女性記者如何看待使用「撒嬌策略」與消息來源互動?(三)媒體組織與社會文化脈絡等限制,如何影響女性記者展現「女性特質」、採用「撒嬌」策略與男性消息來源互動?

本研究深度訪談八名在全國性商業電視台主跑財經路線的女性記者,根據訪談資料的分析顯示,在媒介組織與新聞產制流程的層層限制下,女性記者採取的「撒嬌」策略通常展現在語言與肢體上。個性強悍的女性記者為了獲取新聞資訊,不得不展現「女性氣質」,對消息來源「示弱」,特別是在面對權力位階比自己高或難以約訪的男性消息來源時,女性記者經常使用撒嬌方式作為新聞採訪策略;而在遭受性騷擾時,則採取自嘲或隱忍的態度。受訪者一方面表示,她們是在專業主義下進行新聞採訪工作,並宣稱她們只是以「親切」的語言或態度與男性消息來源互動,但弔詭的是,她們又說如果男性記者使用這種撒嬌策略通常沒有用。此種矛盾主要是傾向接受與內化媒介組織的要求或社會刻板印象,逐漸將男性主管的指示:在以父權為主的社會文化脈絡中展現女性氣質,當作一種「正常的」、「理所當然的」運作。

本研究的發現有助於了解媒介組織的運作是如何建構與維護性別的階層化,以及應該如何突破並避免性別階層化的再製,最後對於新聞實務界亦提出具體建議。首先,從女性主義媒介研究的發展切入,在個人層面,應讓更多女性記者與媒體管理階層有能力去了解其所處的情境、女性從屬的性別化階層在採訪過程中發生的樣態及被複製的方式,使女性記者與男性新聞主管有所認識並願意去改變
。再者,將性別面向納入新聞訓練課程的模組中,建立新聞記者具有性別敏感度的報導能力,並增加其對偏差新聞所產生影響的理解,幫助記者在每日的新聞實踐中增能,使其面對阻礙性別平等或平權的相關報導時,具備超越結構性障礙的技巧,能夠有所因應;最後,重新檢視媒介所有權的結構性問題。經由上述不同途徑加以改革,方有可能讓女性新聞工作者獲得真正的支持,進而改善其在新聞室和採訪現場所遭遇到的困境。
Abstract
This study explored the performance of sajiao (i.e., a babyish form of persuasion) and exhibition of femininity as a news interview strategy for female journalists in Taiwan when interacting with male sources, with the aim of interpreting the conflict between femininity and professional ideology. The journalism literature indicates that female journalists do not possess individual autonomy. Instead, they produce news under the constraints of social and culture contexts and media organizations. However, studies have rarely explored the interactive relationship between reporters and news sources from the perspective of verbal interaction strategies and gender power relations. As a senior female journalists, the author of the present study has worked in the media industry for over 10 years, providing ample opportunity for long-term observational research in the field. Herein, the author reflects on her own experiences regarding the relationship between female journalists and their sources to explore the following research questions: (1) the main forms of sajiao employed by female journalists during news interviews; (2) the opinions of female journalists toward the use of sajiao in interactions with sources; (3) the effects engendered by constraints placed on female journalists by media organizations and social and cultural contexts that require female journalists to exhibit their femininity and perform sajiao in their interactions with male sources.

In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight business and finance correspondents who were working for nationwide business channels. Analysis of the interview data indicates that female journalists often perform sajiao verbally and physically under the constraints of the news production process and media organizations. Even female journalists with conventionally masculine personality traits must exhibit femininity and express weakness to acquire information. In particular, when they are faced with male sources who have relatively high status or cannot be reached easily, they frequently employ sajiao as a strategy for news interviews. Additionally, female journalists often choose to self-deprecate or endure their sexual harassment experience. The participants in this research stated that they perform interviews in a professional manner and claimed that they interact with male sources in an “affable” manner. However, they also noted that male journalists who use sajiao are unlikely to be successful. This contradiction among female journalists in both considering sajiao professional and accepting its genderized nature implies that they are prone to accepting and internalizing the demands of media organizations and social stereotypes. In a patriarchal society, female journalists gradually interpret the instructions of male supervisors to exhibit their femininity as common and reasonable.

The findings of this study further the understanding regarding how media organizations in Taiwan establish and maintain gender stratification. In addition, the results can help in proposals for breaking through and preventing the reproduction of gender stratification within media organizations. Moreover, they provide practical suggestions for the journalism industry. From the perspective of feminist media studies, individually, female journalists and managers in the media industry should seek to understand the predicament faced by women in journalism, as well as the pattern and reproduction of gender stratification during news interviews. Awareness of the aforementioned conditions may enhance the intentions of female journalists and male journalism managers to change the status quo. Incorporating gender studies into journalism training modules may cultivate gender sensitivity in reporters, furthering their understanding regarding the effects of gender-biased news. By empowering them in journalism practices, journalists may acquire the skills to overcome structural obstacles when faced with news that hinders gender equality and understand how to deal with it appropriately. Finally, this study re-examined the structural problems concerning to media ownership. The aforementioned reforms may provide female journalists with sufficient support to resolve obstacles that often occur in newsrooms and during on-site interviews.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
論文審定書………………………………………………….. i
中文摘要……………………………………………………. ii
英文摘要……………………………………………………. iii
第一章 研究背景與研究問題…………………………..... 1
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………. 9
第一節 新聞記者與消息來源之互動關係………………… 9
第二節 新聞組織的控制與記者抵抗資源……………….... 16
第三節 性別與語言……………………………………….... 30
第四節 在專業組織文化中做性別:
女性記者在職場中的矛盾處境................................ 36
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………............. 42
第四章 研究發現…………………………………………............ 50
第一節 女性記者如何施展撒嬌策略…………………………50
第二節 女性記者為何要撒嬌…………………………………52
第三節 女性記者撒嬌的處境…………………………………62
第四節 展演性別與新聞專業主義間的拉扯…………………72
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………… 81
第一節 主要研究發現………………………………………... 81
第二節 研究發現的意涵………………………………………89
第三節 研究限制與建議………………………………………94
參考文獻…………………………………………………… 97
一、 中文書目………………………………………………………………………… 97
二、 英文書目………………………………………………………………………101
參考文獻 References
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