有許多研究為了尋找有效處理壓力源以達到更佳的工作績效而有所執行，但沒有研究探討以個人網絡作為壓力大的人掙扎時所用的幫助來源。這項研究以社會資本的角度，提供一個如何處理壓力源以達到更佳績效的新解法，為組織行為領域及社會網絡領域做出貢獻。為此，研究人員建立了一個調節效應的理論模型，而社會資本從中調節了壓力與績效之間的關係，並使用來自公司170名員工及其上司的樣本數據對模型進行了測試。不出所料，結果顯示社會資本的調節作用取決於結合並橋接社會資本的程度。獲得高結合社會資本和低橋接社會資本的人群傾向更有效地克服壓力源並獲得更好的任務績效，同時，無論橋接社會資本的程度如何，擁有低結合社會資本的人都不會獲得正面成果。更嚴重的是，具有高橋接社會資本的人在遇到挑戰性壓力源或障礙性壓力源時，其工作表現會更差。 本研究探討了理論意義和實踐意義。

Many studies have been conducted to find an effective way to cope with stressors to achieve higher job performance, but none of them has discussed the role of the personal network as a source of assistance to be used when stressful people are struggling. This research makes contributions to both organizational behavior field and social networks field by giving a new solution how to cope with stressors to achieve better performance in the perspective of social capital. To do that, the researcher develops a theoretical model of moderation effect in which social capital moderate stressor-performance relationships, and tests that model with the data set from a sample of 170 employees and their supervisors in a company. As expected, results suggest that the moderating role of social capital is contingent on levels of bonding, bridging social capital. The group of people who obtain high bonding social capital and low bridging social capital tend to overcome stressors more effectively and achieve better task performance, meanwhile, people with low bonding social capital do not achieve that positive result regardless of which level of bridging social capital. More severely, people with high bridging social capital perform worse their tasks when they encounter either challenge stressors or hindrance stressors. Both theoretical implications and practical implications are discussed in this study.

Content table
Thesis validation letter i
Abstract ii
摘要 iii
Content table iv
Figures table v
Tables table vi
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Chapter 2: Theory 3
2.1 The stressors and task performance 3
2.2 The influence of social capital on the relationship between stressors and task performance 4
2.3 The influence of bonding social capital on the relationship between stressors and task performance 6
2.4 The influence of bridging social capital on the relationship between stressors and task performance 8
Chapter 3: Data and method 12
3.1 Sample and procedure 12
3.2 Measure 14
3.3 Analytical approach 16
Chapter 4: Findings 19
4.1. Correlations 19
4.2. Hypotheses testing 19
4.3. Supplementary analyses 28
Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion 30
5.1. Overall discussion 30
5.2. Theoretical contributions 31
5.3. Practical implications 32
5.4. Limitation and future research 34
5.5. Conclusion 35
Reference 36
Appendix 40

REFERENCE
Ahuja, G. (2000). Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Administrative science quarterly, 45(3), 425-455.
Aldrich, D. P. (2012). Building resilience: Social capital in post-disaster recovery. University of Chicago Press.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Personnel Selection in Organizations; San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 71.
Bortner, R. W., & Rosenman, R. H. (1967). The measurement of pattern A behavior. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(7), 525-533.
Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(1), 102.
Brooks, B., Hogan, B., Ellison, N., Lampe, C., & Vitak, J. (2014). Assessing structural correlates to social capital in Facebook ego networks. Social Networks, 38, 1-15.
Burt, R. S. (2009). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard university press.
Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among US managers. Journal of applied psychology, 85(1), 65.
Cheung, G. W. (2019). Mediation, moderation and moderated mediation. National Sun Yat-sen University.
Coleman, J. S. (1994). Foundations of social theory. Harvard university press.
Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. A., Wesson, M. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (2011). Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace (Vol. 375). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence. Psychological bulletin, 101(3), 393.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Causal inference and the language of experimentation. Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings, 1-36.
Espinoza, V. (2018). Social networks among the urban poor: Inequality and integration in a Latin American city. In Networks in the global village (pp. 147-184). Routledge.
Fink, G. (2016). Stress, definitions, mechanisms, and effects outlined: lessons from anxiety. In Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 3-11). Academic Press.
Fischer, C. S. (1982). To dwell among friends: Personal networks in town and city. University of chicago Press.
Granovetter, M. (1973). The Strength of Weak ties” American journal of Sociology 78: 13 60-1380. Examines the role of ties within a group and their effect on performance.
Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling.
Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
LePine, J. A., LePine, M. A., & Jackson, C. L. (2004). Challenge and hindrance stress: relationships with exhaustion, motivation to learn, and learning performance. Journal of applied psychology, 89(5), 883.
LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor–hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of management journal, 48(5), 764-775.
LePine, M. A., Zhang, Y., Crawford, E. R., & Rich, B. L. (2016). Turning their pain to gain: Charismatic leader influence on follower stress appraisal and job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), 1036-1059.
Lin, N. (2001). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action (Vol. 19). Cambridge university press.
Lin, N., & Peek, M. K. (1999). Social networks and mental health. A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems, 241-258.
Lin, W., Ma, J., Wang, L., & Wang, M. (2015). A double‐edged sword: The moderating role of conscientiousness in the relationships between work stressors, psychological strain, and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 94-111.
Pillai, K. G., Hodgkinson, G. P., Kalyanaram, G., & Nair, S. R. (2017). The negative effects of social capital in organizations: A review and extension. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 97-124.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and schuster.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior. Pearson education limited.
Rodell, J. B., & Judge, T. A. (2009). Can “good” stressors spark “bad” behaviors? The mediating role of emotions in links of challenge and hindrance stressors with citizenship and counterproductive behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1438.
Scott, J., & Carrington, P. J. (2011). The SAGE handbook of social network analysis. SAGE publications.
Schuller, T., Baron, S., & Field, J. (2000). Social capital: Critical perspectives. Social Capital: Critical Perspectives, 1-38.
Wallace, J. C., Edwards, B. D., Arnold, T., Frazier, M. L., & Finch, D. M. (2009). Work stressors, role-based performance, and the moderating influence of organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 94(1), 254.
Webster, J. R., Beehr, T. A., & Christiansen, N. D. (2010). Toward a better understanding of the effects of hindrance and challenge stressors on work behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 68-77.
Welbourne, T. M., Johnson, D. E., & Erez, A. (1998). The role-based performance scale: Validity analysis of a theory-based measure. Academy of management journal, 41(5), 540-555.
Wellman, B., & Wortley, S. (1990). Different strokes from different folks: Community ties and social support. American journal of Sociology, 96(3), 558-588.
Williams, D. (2006). On and off the’Net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(2), 593-628.
Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian journal of policy research, 2(1), 11-17.
Zhang, Y., LePine, J. A., Buckman, B. R., & Wei, F. (2014). It's not fair… or is it? The role of justice and leadership in explaining work stressor–job performance relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 57(3), 675-697.
Zhang, X., Wang, H., Xia, Y., Liu, X., & Jung, E. (2012). Stress, coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students. Journal of adolescence, 35(3), 683-690.