為了了解電動車未來發展趨勢，本研究以電動車關鍵技術、各車廠電動車專利組合作為研究對象，並分析出各時期重點專利、車廠發展策略及車廠對電動車產業未來趨勢看法。
本研究利用汽車銷售量篩選18大汽車廠，透關鍵字搜尋美國、中國、世界智慧財產權組織、歐盟、日本專及韓國專利資料庫1990至2020年18間車廠有關電動車專利資料，再加上文獻研讀及IPC專利號分類後，篩選出22項電動車關鍵技術專利，計算出各車廠專利組合，進行主成分分析(PCA)、機器學習K-means分群、華德法分群、資料視覺化及併購資料探討。
分群結果以Nissan、Ford、Hyundai-Kia三間車廠為首的三大群，觀察到(1)新進廠商於專利布局有模仿領導廠商之行為且電動車專利配置上有各自特色；領導廠商有些按部就班研發，有些到最後一期才透過車廠合作搶進市場(2)透過專利布局軌跡變化了解不同樣本期間電動車關鍵技術，三群車廠分別著重系統間運作、電池技術及專研電動車技術。(3)併購與私募活動中觀察到三群車廠會採取與專利配置相同類型策略，補強車廠發展目標，最後更發覺與目前主流市場較不一樣對汽車未來動力的見解。

In order to understand the future development trend of electric vehicles, our study takes key technologies and patent portfolios of electric vehicles as the research object. We analyze key patents in various periods, car manufacturers' development strategies and their views of the future trends of the electric vehicle industry.
Using automobile sales to filter 18 major automobile manufacturers, and searches for electric vehicle patent data in the United States, China, the World Intellectual Property Organization, European Union, Japanese and Korean patent databases from 1990 to 2020 by 18 car manufacturers. Through literature studying and IPC patent number classification, we picked out 22 key technology patents for the electric vehicle , and calculated the patent portfolio of each car manufacturer. Analyzing data by Principal component analysis (PCA), machine learning K-means clustering ,Ward’s method clustering and visualization.
The clustering results are divided into three major groups which led by Nissan, Ford, and Hyundai-Kia. We observed that (1) Patent portfolios of new entrants imitate the patent portfolios of leading manufacturers and new entrants’ electric vehicle patent configuration have their own characteristics. Some leading manufacturers are developing step by step, and some do not enter the market until the last phase through cooperation with other car manufacturers (2) We understand the key technology of electric vehicles during different sample periods through changes in the PC1&PC2 visualization. Finding that three groups of car manufacturers focus on inter-system operation, battery technology and specializing in electric vehicle technology. (3) Observing from M&A and private equity activities, three groups of automakers will adopt the same type of strategy as the patent configuration to reinforce their development goals . Finally, we find a different perspective from the mainstream market on the power system of automobile industry.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究對象 2
1.4 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 電動車歷史簡介 6
2.2 電動車分類及關鍵技術 7
2.3 專利組合 10
2.4 併購資料分析 11
第三章 研究方法 12
3.1 資料蒐集 12
3.2 資料篩選 13
3.3 數據轉化 15
3.4領導與後進廠商區分 16
3.5 主成分分析及機器學習分群 17
第四章 實證結果與討論 17
4.1 同期資料研究 18
4.2 企業專利布局 21
4.2.1 分群分析 22
4.2.2 代表性車廠分析 28
4.2.3 跨樣本期間分析 29
4.3 企業併購資料探討企業發展策略 31
第五章結論與建議 33
附錄 35
參考文獻 44
英文文獻 44
中文文獻 45

英文文獻

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中文文獻

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