Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0606119-231759 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0606119-231759
論文名稱
Title
看臉時代:從外表吸引力與保證理論觀點探討LinkedIn求職者之求職印象
Exploring the Effects of Physical Attractiveness and Warranting Theory on LinkedIn Profiles
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
169
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2019-06-24
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2019-07-06
關鍵字
Keywords
線上求職印象、保證理論、社會階層、技能與肯定背書、性別、外表吸引力、求職者外表
job applicants, physical attractiveness, warranting theory, online job impression, gender, social class
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5866 次,被下載 2
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5866 times, has been downloaded 2 times.
中文摘要
LinkedIn的求職履歷上,求職者的照片置於頁面頂端,容易受到招聘人員注意,過去外表吸引力 (Physical Attractiveness) 的研究發現,求職者外表是招聘人員對求職者的初始印象來源,然而過去的研究卻多針對於面試階段,在線上社群關於使用者外表的討論也多著重於交友和線上約會情境的探討,對於線上社群的求職相關研究甚少,未能提供目前社群化的線上招募平台更深入的理解。此外,LinkedIn獨有的「技能與肯定」欄位,也提供研究者從保證理論(warranting theory) 探討招募人員如何產生對求職者印象的機會,延伸了保證理論在線上求職領域的研究,從而理解其印象生成的脈絡為何。最後本研究亦加入招募人員與求職者性別、「技能與肯定」背書欄位上背書者社會地位作為干擾變數,做更深入的探討。本研究採實驗法,共進行兩次前測、兩個正式實驗,實驗刺激模擬LinkedIn的個人求職頁面。有鑑於招募工作中多為公司員工或主管作為審核人員,為增加實驗的概括性,因此,本研究的實驗樣本鎖定過去曾有審核履歷經驗者,採便利抽樣方式,透過線上和線下管道邀請受訪者參與。研究結果發現,高外表吸引力的求職者所造成的求職印象會顯著高於低外表吸引力的求職者,且無論招募人員與求職者性別異同,並不會干擾外表吸引力對求職印象的影響。另外,在技能與肯定背書人總數量多所造成的求職印象會顯著高於背書人總數量少的求職者,而雖然社會階層則不會干擾外表吸引力對於求職印象的影響,卻存在對求職印象的主效果。
Abstract
On the resume of the social-based online platform LinkedIn, the personal photos of job seekers are placed at the top of the page, which is easily noticed by recruiters. In the past, physical attractiveness research found that the physical attractiveness of job applicants is the initial source of impressions of recruiters on job applicants. However, past studies have focused on interview situations as a discussion, and online community discussion on user appearance only focuses on dating and online dating situations, and there is little research on online community job search, which does not provide a deeper understanding of the current online recruitment platform.
In addition, LinkedIn's unique Skills & Endorsements form allows the study to use warranting theory as the core theory to explore how recruiters can make an impression of job seekers. This not only extends the research on the online research field of warning theory, but also understands the impact of the total number of endorsers on impression generation. Finally, the study also included the gender of the recruiter and the job applicants (same vs. different), and the social class of the endorser in the endorsement of Skills & Endorsements as the interference variable for further discussion. The method of this study was carried out by experimental methods. A total of pre-tests, one pilot-test, and two formal experiments were conducted. The experiment stimulated LinkedIn's personal job search page. Most of the recruitment work is for the company's employees or supervisors as auditors. In order to increase the generality of the experiment, therefore, the experimental sample qualification of this study has been reviewed by others in the past. The study used a convenient sampling method to invite respondents through online and offline channels.
The study found that job applicants with high physical attractiveness have significantly higher impressions than low physical attractiveness job applicants. And regardless of whether the gender of the recruiter and the job applicant is the same or different, it does not moderate the effect of physical attractiveness on the impression. In addition, when the total number of Skills & Endorsements endorsers is large, the resulting impression will be significantly higher than the total number of job applicants with a small number of endorsers. Finally, although the social class does not moderate with the impact of the total number of endorsers on the impression, there is a main effect on the impression.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
第一章、緒論 1
第一節、研究背景與動機 1
第二節、研究問題 4
第三節、研究目的 5
第二章、文獻探討 6
第一節、外表吸引力 6
第二節、性別與外表吸引力 14
第三節、保證理論 21
第四節、社會階層 24
第五節、求職印象 27
第六節、假說推論 29
第三章、研究方法 36
第一節、實驗一研究架構 36
第二節、實驗二實驗架構 39
第三節、實驗樣本 40
第四節、實驗刺激與前測 41
第五節、變數衡量 45
第四章、資料分析 48
第一節、前測資料分析 48
第二節、實驗一 56
第三節、實驗二 75
第五章、結論與建議 92
第一節、研究發現與討論 92
第二節、理論意涵 96
第三節、實務意涵 97
參考文獻 102
附錄一 117
附錄二 132
附錄三 133
附錄四 142
附錄五 145
附錄六 156
參考文獻 References
2016 McQuaig Global Talent Recruitment Report. (2016). Retrieved from The McQuaig Institute: https://www.mcquaig.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-McQuaig-Global-Talent-Recruitment-Report.pdf
陳建丞. (2005). 應徵者外表吸引力對面試官評量之影響-以面試官訓練為干擾變數. 人力資源管理學報, 5(4), 55-66.
蔡芬芳. (2007). 求職歷程中之人力資源及社會網絡與就業表現之分析. 社會科學學報 15, 119-151.
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.-W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
Agthe, M., Spörrle, M., & Maner, J. K. (2011). Does being attractive always help? Positive and negative effects of attractiveness on social decision making. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(8), 1042-1054.
Almer, E. D., Hopper, J. R., & Kaplan, S. E. (1998). The effect of diversity-related attributes on hiring, advancement and voluntary turnover judgments. Accounting Horizons, 12(1), 1.
Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. (1992). Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 111(2), 256.
Anderson, N. (2003). Applicant and recruiter reactions to new technology in selection: A critical review and agenda for future research. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(2‐3), 121-136.
Antheunis, M. L., & Schouten, A. P. (2011). The effects of other‐generated and system‐generated cues on adolescents' perceived attractiveness on social network sites. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 16(3), 391-406.
Arvey, R. D., & Campion, J. E. (1982). The employment interview: A summary and review of recent research. Personnel Psychology, 35(2), 281-322.
Ashmore, R. D., & Del Boca, F. K. (1979). Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: Toward a cognitive—Social psychological conceptualization. Sex roles, 5(2), 219-248.
Bak, P. M. (2010). Sex differences in the attractiveness halo effect in the online dating environment. Journal of Business Media Psychology, 1(1), 1-7.
Barber, A. E. (1998). Recruiting employees: Individual and organizational perspectives (Vol. 8): Sage Publications.
Barrick, M. R., Shaffer, J. A., & DeGrassi, S. W. (2009). What you see may not be what you get: relationships among self-presentation tactics and ratings of interview and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1394.
Becker, T. E. (2005). Potential problems in the statistical control of variables in organizational research: A qualitative analysis with recommendations. Organizational Research Methods, 8(3), 274-289.
Bell, R. R. (1981). Friendships of women and of men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5(3), 402-417.
Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1974). Physical attractiveness. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 157-215): Elsevier.
Bleske, A. L., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Can men and women be just friends? Personal Relationships, 7(2), 131-151.
Bleske, A. L., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Opposite-sex friendship: Sex differences and similarities in initiation, selection, and dissolution. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(10), 1310-1323.
Bloomberg, B., Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods. In: London.
Bohn, A., Buchta, C., Hornik, K., & Mair, P. (2014). Making friends and communicating on Facebook: Implications for the access to social capital. Social Networks, 37, 29-41.
Bohnert, D., & Ross, W. H. (2010). The influence of social networking web sites on the evaluation of job candidates. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, Social Networking, 13(3), 341-347.
Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. (1999). Measuring impression management in organizations: A scale development based on the Jones and Pittman taxonomy. Organizational Research Methods, 2(2), 187-206.
Booth, A., & Leigh, A. (2010). Do employers discriminate by gender? A field experiment in female-dominated occupations. Economics Letters, 107(2), 236-238.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). A social critique of the judgement of taste. Traducido del francés por R. Nice. Londres, Routledge.
Bozeman, D. P., & Kacmar, K. M. (1997). A cybernetic model of impression management processes in organizations. Organizational behavior human decision processes, 69(1), 9-30.
Brehm, J., & Rahn, W. (1997). Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital. American journal of political science, 999-1023.
Brenner, O., Tomkiewicz, J., & Schein, V. E. (1989). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics revisited. Academy of management journal, 32(3), 662-669.
Burkell, J., Fortier, A., Wong, L. Y. C., & Simpson, J. L. (2014). Facebook: Public space, or private space? Information, Communication
Society, 17(8), 974-985.
Buss, D. M. (1984). Marital assortment for personality dispositions: Assessment with three different data sources. Behavior genetics, 14(2), 111-123.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral brain sciences, 12(1), 1-14.
Caballero, M. J., Lumpkin, J. R., & Madden, C. S. J. J. o. A. R. (1989). Using physical attractiveness as an advertising tool: An empirical test of the attraction phenomenon.
Caers, R., & Castelyns, V. (2011). LinkedIn and Facebook in Belgium: The influences and biases of social network sites in recruitment and selection procedures. Social Science Computer Review, 29(4), 437-448.
Carlsson, M., & Rooth, D.-O. (2008). An experimental study of sex segregation in the Swedish labour market: is discrimination the explanation?
Cascio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2008). Applied psychology in human resource management (6th). In: Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Cash, T. F., Gillen, B., & Burns, D. S. (1977). Sexism and beautyism in personnel consultant decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(3), 301.
Cash, T. F., & Trimer, C. A. (1984). Sexism and beautyism in women's evaluations of peer performance. Sex roles, 10(1-2), 87-98.
Chamberlain, J., Miller, M. K., & Jehle, A. (2006). Celebrities in the courtroom: Legal responses, psychological theory and empirical research. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law, 8, 551-572.
Chiang, J. K.-H., & Suen, H.-Y. (2015). Self-presentation and hiring recommendations in online communities: Lessons from LinkedIn. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 516-524.
Clifford, M. M., & Walster, E. (1973). The effect of physical attractiveness on teacher expectations. Sociology of education, 248-258.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American journal of sociology, 94, S95-S120.
Cowan, G., Neighbors, C., DeLaMoreaux, J., & Behnke, C. (1998). Women's hostility toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22(2), 267-284.
Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man. The Great Books ofthe Western World, 49, 320.
Davison, H. K., Maraist, C., & Bing, M. N. (2011). Friend or foe? The promise and pitfalls of using social networking sites for HR decisions. Journal of Business Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(2), 153-159.
DeAndrea, D. C. (2014). Advancing warranting theory. Communication Theory, 24(2), 186-204.
DeAndrea, D. C., & Carpenter, C. J. (2016). Measuring the construct of warranting value and testing warranting theory. Communication research, 0093650216644022.
DeKay, S. (2009). Are business-oriented social networking web sites useful resources for locating passive jobseekers? Results of a recent study. Business Communication Quarterly, 72(1), 101-105.
Diemer, M. A., Mistry, R. S., Wadsworth, M. E., López, I., & Reimers, F. (2013). Best practices in conceptualizing and measuring social class in psychological research. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13(1), 77-113.
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of personality and social psychology, 24(3), 285.
Dipboye, R. L., Arvey, R. D., & Terpstra, D. E. (1977). Sex and physical attractiveness of raters and applicants as determinants of resume evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(3), 288.
Dipboye, R. L., Fromkin, H. L., & Wiback, K. (1975). Relative importance of applicant sex, attractiveness, and scholastic standing in evaluation of job applicant resumes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(1), 39.
Drory, A., & Zaidman, N. (2007). Impression management behavior: effects of the organizational system. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 290-308.
Eagly, A. H. (1987). Reporting sex differences.
Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological bulletin, 110(1), 109.
Edward, C., Stoll, B., Faculak, N., & Karman, S. (2015). Social Presence on LinkedIn: Perceived Credibility and Interpersonal Attractiveness Based on User Profile Picture. Online Journal of Communication
Media Technologies, 5(4).
Efrain, M. G., & Patterson, E. (1974). Voters vote beautiful: the effect of physical appearance on a national election. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 6(4), 352.
Efran, M. G. (1974). The effect of physical appearance on the judgment of guilt, interpersonal attraction, and severity of recommended punishment in a simulated jury task. Journal of Research in Personality, 8(1), 45-54.
Ellemers, N., Van den Heuvel, H., De Gilder, D., Maass, A., & Bonvini, A. (2004). The underrepresentation of women in science: Differential commitment or the queen bee syndrome? British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(3), 315-338.
Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(2), 415-441.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143-1168.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media Society, 13(6), 873-892.
Feingold, A. (1990). Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms. Journal of Personality Social Psychology Quarterly, 59(5), 981.
Feingold, A. (1991). Sex differences in the effects of similarity and physical attractiveness on opposite-sex attraction. Basic Applied Social Psychology, 12(3), 357-367.
Feingold, A. (1992). Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological bulletin, 111(2), 304.
Fink, B., Neave, N., Manning, J. T., & Grammer, K. (2006). Facial symmetry and judgements of attractiveness, health and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(3), 491-499.
Fink, B., & Penton-Voak, I. (2002). Evolutionary psychology of facial attractiveness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(5), 154-158.
Fiore, A. T., Taylor, L. S., Mendelsohn, G. A., & Hearst, M. (2008). Assessing attractiveness in online dating profiles. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems.
Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74): Elsevier.
Flanagin, A. J., & Metzger, M. J. (2007). The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information. New Media & Society, 9(2), 319-342.
Flanagin, A. J., & Metzger, M. J. (2013). Trusting expert-versus user-generated ratings online: The role of information volume, valence, and consumer characteristics. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1626-1634.
Fox, J., Warber, K. M., & Makstaller, D. C. (2013). The role of Facebook in romantic relationship development: An exploration of Knapp’s relational stage model. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(6), 771-794.
Galanaki, E. (2002). The decision to recruit online: A descriptive study. Career development international, 7(4), 243-251.
Gallois, C., Callan, V. J., & PALMER, J. A. M. (1992). The influence of applicant communication style and interviewer characteristics on hiring decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(13), 1041-1060.
Gallup Jr, G. G., & Frederick, D. A. (2010). The science of sex appeal: An evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 14(3), 240.
Gangestad, S. W., & Buss, D. M. (1993). Pathogen prevalence and human mate preferences. Ethology sociobiology, 14(2), 89-96.
Garcia, M., Posthuma, R., & Colella, A. (2008). Fit perceptions in the employment interview: The role of similarity, liking, and expectations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(2), 173-189.
Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Lai, C.-H. (2011). First comes love, then comes Google: An investigation of uncertainty reduction strategies and self-disclosure in online dating. Communication research, 38(1), 70-100.
Gibson, D. E., & Cordova, D. I. (1999). Women's and men's role models: The importance of exemplars. Mentoring dilemmas: Developmental relationships within multicultural organizations, 121, 141.
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on a spoiled identity. Jenkins, JH Carpenter.
Grabe, M. E., & Samson, L. (2011). Sexual cues emanating from the anchorette chair: Implications for perceived professionalism, fitness for beat, and memory for news. Communication research, 38(4), 471-496.
Grammer, K., Fink, B., Møller, A. P., & Thornhill, R. J. B. R. (2003). Darwinian aesthetics: sexual selection and the biology of beauty. 78(3), 385-407.
Grammer, K., & Thornhill, R. (1994). Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of comparative psychology Biological Reviews, 108(3), 233.
Graves, L. M., & Powell, G. N. (1995). THE EFFECT OF SEX SIMILARITY ON RECRUITERS'EVALUATIONS OF ACTUAL APPLICANTS: A TEST OF THE SIMILARITY‐ATTRACTION PARADIGM. Personnel Psychology, 48(1), 85-98.
Griffin, A. M., & Langlois, J. H. J. S. C. (2006). Stereotype directionality and attractiveness stereotyping: Is beauty good or is ugly bad? , 24(2), 187-206.
Guéguen, N., Lourel, M., Charron, C., Fischer-Lokou, J., & Lamy, L. (2009). A Web Replication of Snyder, Decker, and Bersheid's (1977) Experiment on the Self-Fulfilling Nature of Social Stereotypes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(5), 600-602.
Guillory, J., & Hancock, J. T. (2012). The effect of Linkedin on deception in resumes. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, Social Networking, 15(3), 135-140.
Hacker, H. M. (1981). Blabbermouths and clams: Sex differences in self‐disclosure in same‐sex and cross‐sex friendship dyads. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5(3), 385-401.
Hahn, A. C., & Perrett, D. I. (2014). Neural and behavioral responses to attractiveness in adult and infant faces. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, 591-603.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hamermesh, D. S., & Biddle, J. E. (1993). Beauty and the labor market. Retrieved from
Hampton, K., & Wellman, B. (2003). Neighboring in Netville: How the Internet supports community and social capital in a wired suburb. City Community, 2(4), 277-311.
Hancock, J. T., & Dunham, P. (2001). Impression formation in computer-mediated communication revisited: An analysis of the breadth and intensity of impressions. Communication research, 28(3), 325-347.
Hancock, J. T., & Toma, C. L. (2009). Putting your best face forward: The accuracy of online dating photographs. Journal of Communication, 59(2), 367-386.
Hardin, J. R., Reding, K. F., & Stocks, M. H. (2002). The effect of gender on the recruitment of entry-level accountants. Journal of Managerial Issues, 251-266.
Harpham, T., Grant, E., & Thomas, E. (2002). Measuring social capital within health surveys: key issues. Health policy planning, 17(1), 106-111.
Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Mirror, mirror: The importance of looks in everyday life: Suny Press.
Heilman, M. E., Kaplow, S. R., Amato, M. A., & Stathatos, P. (1993). When similarity is a liability: Effects of sex-based preferential selection on reactions to like-sex and different-sex others. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 917.
Heilman, M. E., & Saruwatari, L. R. (1979). When beauty is beastly: The effects of appearance and sex on evaluations of job applicants for managerial and nonmanagerial jobs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23(3), 360-372.
Heilman, M. E., & Stopeck, M. H. (1985). Being attractive, advantage or disadvantage? Performance-based evaluations and recommended personnel actions as a function of appearance, sex, and job type. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(2), 202-215.
Henderson, J. J., & Anglin, J. M. (2003). Facial attractiveness predicts longevity. Evolution and human behavior, 24(5), 351-356.
Hosoda, M., Stone-Romero, E. F., & Coats, G. (2003). The effects of physical attractiveness on job‐related outcomes: A meta‐analysis of experimental studies. Personnel Psychology, 56(2), 431-462.
Huffcutt, A. I. (2011). An empirical review of the employment interview construct literature. International Journal of Selection
Assessment, 19(1), 62-81.
Ivcevic, Z., & Ambady, N. (2012). Personality impressions from identity claims on Facebook. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(1), 38.
Jansen, A., König, C. J., Stadelmann, E. H., & Kleinmann, M. (2012). Applicants’ Self-Presentational Behavior. Journal of Personnel Psychology.
Jawahar, I., & Mattsson, J. (2005). Sexism and beautyism effects in selection as a function of self-monitoring level of decision maker. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 563.
Johnson, B. K., & Van Der Heide, B. (2015). Can sharing affect liking? Online taste performances, feedback, and subsequent media preferences. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 181-190.
Johnson, Z., & Muther-Helm, B. (2011). Experiences with Queen Bees: A South African study exploring the reluctance of woman executives to promote other woman in the workplace. South African Journal of Business Management, 42(4), 47-55.
Jones, E. E. (1990). Interpersonal perception: WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co.
Kalick, S. M. (1988). Physical attractiveness as a status cue. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24(6), 469-489.
Kalin, R., & Hodgins, D. C. (1984). Sex bias in judgements of occupational suitability. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 16(4), 311.
Kenny, D. A. (1991). A general model of consensus and accuracy in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 98(2), 155.
Kenrick, D. T., Montello, D. R., Gutierres, S. E., & Trost, M. R. (1993). Effects of physical attractiveness on affect and perceptual judgments: When social comparison overrides social reinforcement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(2), 195-199.
Kernis, M. H., & Wheeler, L. (1981). Beautiful friends and ugly strangers: Radiation and contrast effects in perceptions of same-sex pairs. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 7(4), 617-620.
Khullar, A., & Pandey, P. (2014). Effective use of social media recruiting. International Journal of Intercultural Information Management, 4(4), 216-227.
Kim, D., Subramanian, S. V., & Kawachi, I. (2006). Bonding versus bridging social capital and their associations with self rated health: a multilevel analysis of 40 US communities. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 60(2), 116-122.
Krebs, D., & Adinolfi, A. A. (1975). Physical attractiveness, social relations, and personality style. Journal of Personality Social Psychology Quarterly, 31(2), 245.
Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological bulletin, 126(3), 390.
Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1991). Computer-mediated communication, de-individuation and group decision-making. International journal of man-machine studies, 34(2), 283-301.
Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1995). Love at first byte? Building personal relationships over computer networks.
Leana, C. R., & Meuris, J. (2015). Living to work and working to live: Income as a driver of organizational behavior. The Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 55-95.
Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological bulletin, 107(1), 34.
Lee, S., Pitesa, M., Pillutla, M., & Thau, S. (2015). When beauty helps and when it hurts: An organizational context model of attractiveness discrimination in selection decisions. Organizational behavior human decision processes, 128, 15-28.
Lee, S.-J., Quigley, B. M., Nesler, M. S., Corbett, A. B., & Tedeschi, J. T. (1999). Development of a self-presentation tactics scale. Personality Individual Differences, 26(4), 701-722.
Levin, S. G., & Stephan, P. E. (1998). Gender Differences in the Rewards to Publishing in Academe: Science in the 1970s. Sex roles, 38(11-12), 1049-1064.
Lillqvist, E., & Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2014). Facing Facebook: Impression management strategies in company–consumer interactions. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 28(1), 3-30.
Lin, N. (2001). Social capital. UK: Cambridge University.
Lo, S.-K., Hsieh, A.-Y., & Chiu, Y.-P. (2013). Contradictory deceptive behavior in online dating. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1755-1762.
Loignon, A. C., & Woehr, D. J. (2018). Social class in the organizational sciences: a conceptual integration and meta-analytic review. Journal of management, 44(1), 61-88.
López Bóo, F., Rossi, M. A., & Urzúa, S. S. (2013). The labor market return to an attractive face: Evidence from a field experiment. Economics Letters, 118(1), 170-172.
Luxen, M. F., & Van De Vijver, F. J. (2006). Facial attractiveness, sexual selection, and personnel selection: When evolved preferences matter. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational Organizational Psychology, 27(2), 241-255.
Madera, J. M. (2012). Using social networking websites as a selection tool: The role of selection process fairness and job pursuit intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(4), 1276-1282.
Mathison, D. L. (1986). Sex differences in the perception of assertiveness among female managers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 126(5), 599-606.
Maurer-Fazio, M., & Lei, L. (2015). “As rare as a panda” How facial attractiveness, gender, and occupation affect interview callbacks at Chinese firms. International Journal of Manpower, 36(1), 68-85.
McArthur, L. Z. (1982). Judging a book by its cover: A cognitive analysis of the relationship between physical appearance and stereotyping. Cognitive social psychology, 149-211.
McElroy, J. C., & DeCarlo, T. E. (1999). Physical attractiveness on cognitive evaluations of saleswomen’s performance. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(1), 84-100.
McGloin, R., & Denes, A. (2018). Too hot to trust: Examining the relationship between attractiveness, trustworthiness, and desire to date in online dating. New Media Society, 20(3), 919-936.
McIntyre, S., Moberg, D. J., & Posner, B. Z. (1980). Preferential treatment in preselection decisions according to sex and race. Academy of management journal, 23(4), 738-749.
McKenna, K. Y., & Bargh, J. A. (2000). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. Personality social psychology review, 4(1), 57-75.
McManus, M. A., & Ferguson, M. W. (2003). Biodata, personality, and demographic differences of recruits from three sources. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(2‐3), 175-183.
Meltzer, A. L., McNulty, J. K., Jackson, G. L., & Karney, B. R. (2014). Sex differences in the implications of partner physical attractiveness for the trajectory of marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality Social Psychology Quarterly, 106(3), 418.
Miller, D., Prentice, D. A., Higgins, T., & Kruglanski, A. (1996). Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles.
Morrow, P. C. (1990). Physical attractiveness and selection decision making. Journal of management, 16(1), 45-60.
Neuberg, S. L., & Fiske, S. T. (1987). Motivational influences on impression formation: outcome dependency, accuracy-driven attention, and individuating processes. Journal of Personality Social Psychology Quarterly, 53(3), 431.
Nie, N. H. (2001). Sociability, interpersonal relations, and the Internet: Reconciling conflicting findings. American behavioral scientist, 45(3), 420-435.
Nieva, V. F., & Gutek, B. A. (1980). Sex effects on evaluation. Academy of management Review, 5(2), 267-276.
Norton, M. I., Frost, J. H., & Ariely, D. (2007). Less is more: The lure of ambiguity, or why familiarity breeds contempt. Journal of Personality Social Psychology Quarterly, 92(1), 97-105.
Paliszkiewicz, J., & Madra-Sawicka, M. (2016). Impression Management in Social Media: The Example of LinkedIn. Management, 11(3).
Parks, M. R., & Roberts, L. D. (1998). Making MOOsic': The development of personal relationships on line and a comparison to their off-line counterparts. Journal of Social personal Relationships, 15(4), 517-537.
Patzer, G. L. (2012). The physical attractiveness phenomena: Springer Science & Business Media.
Pendry, L. F., & Macrae, C. N. (1994). Stereotypes and mental life: The case of the motivated but thwarted tactician. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30(4), 303-325.
Pratto, F., Stallworth, L. M., Sidanius, J., & Siers, B. (1997). The gender gap in occupational role attainment: a social dominance approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 72(1), 37.
Putnam, R. D. (2001). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community: Simon and Schuster.
Putz, Á., Palotai, R., Csertő, I., & Bereczkei, T. (2016). Beauty stereotypes in social norm enforcement: The effect of attractiveness on third-party punishment and reward. Personality
Individual Differences, 88, 230-235.
Raza, S. M., & Carpenter, B. N. (1987). A model of hiring decisions in real employment interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(4), 596.
Riach, P. A., & Rich, J. (2006). An experimental investigation of sexual discrimination in hiring in the English labor market. Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 5(2).
Riggio, R. E., Widaman, K. F., Tucker, J. S., & Salinas, C. (1991). Beauty is more than skin deep: Components of attractiveness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12(4), 423-439.
Rosen, B., & Jerdee, T. H. (1974). Effects of applicant's sex and difficulty of job on evaluations of candidates for managerial positions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(4), 511.
Ruffle, B. J., & Shtudiner, Z. e. (2014). Are good-looking people more employable? Management Science, 61(8), 1760-1776.
Rui, J., & Stefanone, M. A. (2013). Strategic self-presentation online: A cross-cultural study. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 110-118.
Russo, G., & Ommeren, J. v. (1998). Gender differences in recruitment outcomes. Bulletin of Economic Research, 50(2), 155-166.
Sapadin, L. A. (1988). Friendship and gender: Perspectives of professional men and women. Journal of Social personal Relationships, 5(4), 387-403.
Savage, M., Devine, F., Cunningham, N., Taylor, M., Li, Y., Hjellbrekke, J., . . . Miles, A. (2013). A new model of social class? Findings from the BBC’s Great British Class Survey experiment. Sociology, 47(2), 219-250.
Schwämmlein, E., & Wodzicki, K. (2012). What to tell about me? Self-presentation in online communities. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 17(4), 387-407.
Shahani-Denning, C. (2003). Physical attractiveness bias in hiring: What is beautiful is good. Hofstra Horizon, 14-17.
Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications.
Silvester, J., Anderson, N., Haddleton, E., Cunningham-Snell, N., & Gibb, A. (2000). A cross-modal comparison of telephone and face-to-face selection interviews in graduate recruitment. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8, 16-21.
Skeels, M. M., & Grudin, J. (2009). When social networks cross boundaries: a case study of workplace use of facebook and linkedin. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work.
Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality Social Psychology Quarterly, 35(9), 656.
Soler, C., Nunez, M., Gutierrez, R., Nunez, J., Medina, P., Sancho, M., . . . Nunez, A. (2003). Facial attractiveness in men provides clues to semen quality. Evolution and human behavior, 24(3), 199-207.
Sprecher, S. (1989). The importance to males and females of physical attractiveness, earning potential, and expressiveness in initial attraction. Sex roles, 21(9-10), 591-607.
Staines, G., Tavris, C., & Jayaratne, C. (1974). The queen bee syndrome. Psychology Today, 7, 55-60.
Steele, L. J., & Cooper Jr, W. E. (1997). Investigations of pheromonal discrimination between conspecific individuals by male and female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius). Herpetologica, 475-484.
Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434-445.
Stone, A. R. (1995). The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age. In: Cambridge, MIT Press.
Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality.
Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between groups: Studies in the social psychology of group relations. In: Academic Press, London.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The social psychology of intergroup relations, 33(47), 74.
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1996). The evolution of human sexuality. Trends in Ecology Evolution and human behavior, 11(2), 98-102.
Tolson, J. M., & Urberg, K. (1993). Similarity between adolescent best friends. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8(3), 274-288.
Toma, C. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2010). Looks and lies: The role of physical attractiveness in online dating self-presentation and deception. Communication research, 37(3), 335-351.
Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional marketing: findings from an internet social networking site. Journal of marketing, 73(5), 90-102.
Tsai, W. C., Chi, N. W., Huang, T. C., & Hsu, A. J. (2011). The effects of applicant résumé contents on recruiters' hiring recommendations: The mediating roles of recruiter fit perceptions. Applied Psychology, 60(2), 231-254.
Tsai, W. C., Huang, T. C., & Yu, H. H. (2012). Investigating the unique predictability and boundary conditions of applicant physical attractiveness and non‐verbal behaviours on interviewer evaluations in job interviews. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85(1), 60-79.
Umberson, D., & Hughes, M. (1987). The impact of physical attractiveness on achievement and psychological well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 227-236.
Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college students' life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 14(4), 875-901.
Van der Gaag, M., & Snijders, T. (2004). Proposals for the measurement of individual social capital. Creation returns of social capital, 199-218.
Van Der Heide, B., D’Angelo, J. D., & Schumaker, E. M. (2012). The effects of verbal versus photographic self‐presentation on impression formation in Facebook. Journal of Communication, 62(1), 98-116.
Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication research, 23(1), 3-43.
Walther, J. B. (2006). Nonverbal dynamics in computer-mediated communication, or:(and the net:(‘s with you:) and you:) alone. Handbook of nonverbal communication, 461-479.
Walther, J. B. (2011). Theories of computer-mediated communication and interpersonal relations. The handbook of interpersonal communication, 4, 443-479.
Walther, J. B., & Parks, M. R. (2002). Cues filtered out, cues filtered in. Handbook of interpersonal communication, 3, 529-563.
Walther, J. B., Van Der Heide, B., Hamel, L. M., & Shulman, H. C. (2009). Self-generated versus other-generated statements and impressions in computer-mediated communication: A test of warranting theory using Facebook. Communication research, 36(2), 229-253.
Walther, J. B., Van Der Heide, B., Kim, S. Y., Westerman, D., & Tong, S. T. (2008). The role of friends’ appearance and behavior on evaluations of individuals on Facebook: Are we known by the company we keep? Human communication research, 34(1), 28-49.
Walther, J. B., Van Der Heide, B., Ramirez Jr, A., Burgoon, J. K., & Peña, J. (2015). Interpersonal and hyperpersonal dimensions of computer-mediated communication. The handbook of the psychology of communication technology, 1, 22.
Wang, S. S., Moon, S.-I., Kwon, K. H., Evans, C. A., & Stefanone, M. A. (2010). Face off: Implications of visual cues on initiating friendship on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 226-234.
Watkins, L. M., & Johnston, L. (2000). Screening job applicants: The impact of physical attractiveness and application quality. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(2), 76-84.
Wellman, B., Boase, J., & Chen, W. (2002). The networked nature of community: Online and offline. It Society, 1(1), 151-165.
Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American behavioral scientist, 45(3), 436-455.
Willemsen, L. M., Neijens, P. C., & Bronner, F. (2012). The ironic effect of source identification on the perceived credibility of online product reviewers. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 18(1), 16-31.
Williams, D. (2006). On and off the’Net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(2), 593-628.
Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian journal of policy research, 2(1), 11-17.
Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816-1836.
Zide, J., Elman, B., & Shahani-Denning, C. (2014). LinkedIn and recruitment: How profiles differ across occupations. Employee Relations, 36(5), 583-604.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code